Smell bark At the base of the frontal lobe there are also phylogenetic components (olfactory cortex, paleocortex and archicortex), which are dedicated to the sense of smell (olfactory sense). Presumably, the olfactory sensations come into consciousness in the so-called “primary olfactory cortex” (prepiriform cortex, which is also located to a lesser extent in the temporal … Smell bark | Cerebrum
Auditory cortex In the occipital lobe, the tremendously complex sense of sight (visual sense) is cortically represented. The visual pathway starts at the sensory cells of the retina and runs as the II cranial nerve (optic nerve) via several intermediate stations to the primary visual cortex (visual cortex). This represents, in the simple representation of … Auditory cortex | Cerebrum
Limbic system If a knife is inserted into the interhemispheric fissure (fissura longitudinalis cerebri) and cut in the direction of the brain stem (median section), numerous structures are visible which are attributed to the limbic system (limbic). It deals with emotions as well as with instinctive and intellectual behavior. Rather primitive achievements such as affective … Limbic system | Cerebrum
Basal Ganglia Finally, we now cut the cerebrum not with the length of the interhemispheric cleft, but rather in the middle of it transversely parallel to the forehead (frontal cut). In this incision, too, it is noticeable that some grey matter is embedded in the white matter of the cerebrum, which therefore does not belong … Basal Ganglia | Cerebrum
Common diseases Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, as well as strokes, headaches, epilepsy and brain tumors occur comparatively frequently. In our modern society, depressions, psychoses such as schizophrenia and addictions are on the rise. Other diseases or consequences of diseases of the cerebrum are Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Amyothrophic lateral sclerosis … Common diseases | Cerebrum
Introduction The brain consists of different parts, including the cerebellum. It plays an important role in coordinating and fine-tuning the movements of various muscles and in maintaining balance. It is also believed to be involved in many cognitive and emotional abilities. It is found in the posterior fossa of the skull. It is located under … Cerebellar atrophy
Symptoms Depending on the affected cerebellar area and the extent of tissue loss, characteristic symptoms of cerebellar atrophy occur. The cerebellum can be divided into three sections with different functions. The vestibulocerebellum mainly processes information from the vestibular organs and is responsible for the coordination of head and eye movements. The spinocerebellum regulates walking and … Symptoms | Cerebellar atrophy
Therapy If there is an underlying disease (in the symptomatic form), it should be treated first.Depending on the cause, (additional) specific, individually oriented measures are recommended. Studies on the effectiveness of a drug treatment of the various complaints have not yet been scientifically completed. In one study, success was observed in the treatment of ataxias … Therapy | Cerebellar atrophy
History The course of atrophy of the cerebellum is individual and there is no cure. However, the progression of the disease can be delayed by appropriate lifestyle. In the case of alcohol-induced cerebellar atrophy, this includes, for example, abstinence from alcohol, the addition of missing vitamins and treatment of the alcohol-related disease. Active participation in … History | Cerebellar atrophy
Cerebellar atrophy and dementia There are studies on autosomal dominant cerebellar atrophy (ADCA- autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia) and an association with dementia. Only subtype 1 is thought to be associated with mild dementia in the course of its development. It is thought that attention and the ability to learn are particularly disturbed. The subtypes of … Cerebellar atrophy and dementia | Cerebellar atrophy
Synonyms Medical: Meninx encephali Definition The meninges are a connective tissue layer that surrounds the brain. In the spinal canal, it merges into the spinal cord skin. The human being has three meninges. From outside to inside, these are the hard meninges (dura mater or leptomeninx encephali), and the soft meninges (pia mater or pachymeninx … Meninges
Pia mater The pia mater forms the innermost layer of the meninges. It lies directly against the brain tissue and also follows its twists and turns. It forms a layer of connective tissue around the blood vessels entering the nerve tissue and thus accompanies them to the inside of the brain. Innervation and blood supply … Pia mater | Meninges
