Kidneys, Bladder, Urethra

Focal Segmental Sclerosing Glomerulonephritis: Therapy

General measures Nicotine restriction (refraining from tobacco use). Aim for normal weight!Determination of BMI (body mass index, body mass index) or body composition by means of electrical impedance analysis and, if necessary, participation in a medically supervised weight loss program or program for the underweight. Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on the existing … Focal Segmental Sclerosing Glomerulonephritis: Therapy

Minimal-change Glomerulonephritis

In minimal-change glomerulonephritis (MCGN) (synonyms: Minimal-change glomerulonephritis; minimal glomerulonephritis; minimal change glomerulopathy (disease) = MCD; ICD-10-GM N05.0: Unspecified nephritic syndrome: minimal glomerular lesion), glomerular minimal lesions occur that can only be visualized under the electron microscope. The glomeruli (glomeruli corpusculi renalis) are an important morphological component of the renal corpuscles and are responsible for the … Minimal-change Glomerulonephritis

Minimal-change Glomerulonephritis: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of minimal-change glomerulonephritis. Family history Is there a history of frequent kidney disease in your family? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Have you noticed water retention on your body? Have you noticed any changes in your urine? Vegetative … Minimal-change Glomerulonephritis: Medical History

Minimal-change Glomerulonephritis: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Blood, blood-forming organs-immune system (D50-D90). Schönlein-Henoch purpura (age <20 years). Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99). Other forms of glomerulonephritis Benign familial hematuria (synonym: thin basement membrane nephropathy) – isolated, familial persistent glomerular hematuria (blood in the urine) and minimal proteinuria (excretion of protein in the urine) with normal renal function.

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Surgical Therapy

The most common treatment for acute renal colic is conservative therapy (adequate fluid intake, analgesics (pain relievers), and the alpha-blocker tamsulosin) with the goal of spontaneous stone clearance (expulsion; medical expulsive therapy, MET). For more information, see “Drug therapy“. Note According to the current S2k guideline, patients with newly diagnosed ureteral stone up to 7 … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Surgical Therapy

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Prevention

To prevent nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Dehydration – dehydration of the body due to fluid loss or lack of fluid intake. Malnutrition High-protein (high-protein) diet (animal protein). High intake of oxalic acid-containing foods (chard, cocoa powder, spinach, rhubarb). High intake of calcium High … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Prevention

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Stone Analysis

After the kidney stone has been expelled, it should definitely be examined for its composition, as this is the only way to ensure safe and effective therapy and prophylaxis. Stone analysis is performed using physical methods such as infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. These detect the composition of the respective stone on the basis … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Stone Analysis

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate nephrolithiasis (kidney stones): Leading symptoms of renal colic Contraction-like or cramping mid-abdominal and/or low back pain (renal colic; ureteral colic/ureteral colic) (up to annihilation pain). Nausea (nausea) Vomiting Hematuria (blood in the urine): microhematuria and macrohematuria (microhematuria: no discoloration of the urine; only in the microscopic image erythrocytes … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) The cause of urinary stone formation is not yet fully understood. However, it is clear that it is a multifactorial event. Two hypotheses are discussed Crystallization theory – concretion formation in a supersaturated solution. Colloid theory – accumulation of urinary salts on urinary organic substances. Probably a combination of both theories … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Causes

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Therapy

Inpatient admission is required if the patient is unable to drink or has concomitant fever and/or pain requiring i.v. administration of analgesics (pain relievers). The following measures are essentially for urinary stone prophylaxis: General measures Consistent fluid intake of 2.5 to 3 liters. In case of great heat or sweaty physical exertion, the drinking quantity … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Therapy