Overview of all liver values
- ALAT/GPT: Man: Maximum 50 U/L, minimum — Woman: Maximum 35 U/L, minimum —
- ASAT/GOD: Man: Maximum 50 U/L Woman: Maximum 35 U/L
- GGT: Man: Maximum 66 UIL Woman: Maximum 39 U/L
- Choline esterase: Male: maximum 13. 000 U/L, minimum 5. 200 U/L Female: maximum 10.
300 U/L, minimum 4. 000 U/L
- Alkaline Phosphatase: Male: Maximum 129 U/L, Minimum 40 U/L Female: Maximum 104 U/L, Minimum 35 U/L
- Total bilirubin: Male: Maximum 19 micromol/L, minimum 2 micromol/L Female: Maximum 19 micromol/L, minimum 2 micromol/L
- GLDH: Man: Maximum 7 U/L, minimum — Woman: Maximum 5 U/L, minimum —
- Quick value: Man: Maximum 120%, minimum 70% Woman: Maximum 120%, minimum 70%
Specific liver values include the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase (short: gamma-GT or GGT/gGT). This enzyme is found in various tissues of the body, including the cells of the liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas and small intestine.
There it is primarily used for metabolic processes (e.g. protein metabolism), but it is also involved in inflammatory processes and in the breakdown of harmful substances (e.g. alcohol). The enzyme is membrane-bound, i.e. it is present in the membrane of cells.
It is also involved in the transport of amino acids into the cells. The breakdown of glutathione, an important molecule within the cells, is initiated by the gGT. Although this enzyme is present in many body tissues, the detection of an increased concentration of gGT in blood serum during blood sampling is a sign of pathological processes in the liver and/or bile ducts, since the largest proportion of the enzyme to be determined in blood serum comes from here (liver-specific).
Since the enzyme is usually bound to the wall of the liver and bile duct cells, even the slightest damage to these cells releases them into the blood. It is therefore a very sensitive parameter. The normal values are approximately up to 60 U/l in men and up to 40 U/l in women.
The value is determined by the doctor whenever there is a suspicion of liver or bile duct disease or alcohol abuse. In general, however, the gGT is not liver-specific, which means that diseases of other organs can also cause an increase; nevertheless, the level of the value correlates with the extent of damage (the higher the value, the more serious the damage).Among the characteristic liver values is the enzyme glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), also known as alanine aminotransferase (ALT or ALAT). This enzyme is mainly found in the liver, but is also found in small amounts in the cells of the skeletal and cardiac muscles.
Its task is primarily to participate in the protein metabolism of the cells or the respective organ. If an increased amount of this enzyme is found in the patient’s blood serum, it is usually regarded as an indication of disease or pathological processes in the liver and/or bile ducts, as these organs are the body’s main source of this enzyme. Since the enzyme is located inside the (liver/bile duct) cells, it is only released into the blood if these are damaged to the extent that they perish.
This is possible, for example, in the case of inflammation of the liver (hepatitis), fatty liver disease, alcohol or drug abuse or bile duct obstruction. The standard values are up to 50 U/l for men and 35 U/l for women. Like the enzyme GPT, the enzyme glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST or ASAT) is one of the characteristic liver values that can be determined in the blood count.
Like GPT, GOT is mainly found in the cells of the liver, skeletal and heart muscles, but also in small amounts in the tissue of the pancreas, kidneys, brain and lungs. It is also primarily involved in the protein metabolism of the respective cells. If the value of the GOT in the blood rises, this is usually an indication of pathological processes in the liver or bile ducts, but this enzyme is considered to be somewhat less specific than, for example, GPT or gGT.
Thus, under certain circumstances, even in the case of severe muscle injuries or muscle diseases, in which the destruction of muscle cells takes place, the enzyme may be released and the GOT value in the blood serum of the patient may increase. Therefore, the GOT value is usually not determined alone, but in combination with other values such as GPT or gGT. The standard values are up to 50 U/l for men and up to 35 U/l for women.