Examples of diseases that fall within the scope of pediatric surgery are
- Malformations of the skeletal system (e.g. supernumerary fingers or toes, clubfoot, funnel chest) and in the head area (e.g. cleft lip and palate);
- Bone fractures and dislocations (e.g. of the kneecap);
- Burns and chemical burns;
- Head and spinal injuries;
- Disorders and malformations of the central nervous system (e.g. hydrocephalus, spina bifida = “open back”);
- Contusions and tears in the area of the internal organs (e.g. spleen, liver, stomach, lungs);
- benign and malignant tumors (e.g. blood sponges, Ewing’s sarcoma, Wilms’ tumor);
- Diseases of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands;
- Diseases, disorders and malformations of the digestive tract (e.g. jaundice, intestinal polyps, swallowed foreign bodies);
- Diseases, injuries and malformations of the urinary and sexual tract (e.g. bladder injury, phimosis, testicular torsion, malformations of the uterus);
- Functional disorders of the urinary tract (e.g. bedwetting);
- Hernias (e.g. inguinal hernia), umbilical malformations, abdominal wall defects, diaphragmatic disorders;
