What characterizes the ability to press in the human body? Why was the ability to press given to humans? What does a non-disturbed process look like and what disturbances can occur? These aspects will be the subject of this article.
What is pressing?
The pressing ability or pushing of the human body refers to the ability to exert force with the help of breathing, trunk and abdominal muscles to push newborns, urine or stool out of the body.
Function and task
The pressing ability of the human body refers to the ability to exert force with the aid of respiration, trunk and abdominal muscles, for example, to push newborn babies out of the body. The human body needs the ability to press in order to empty itself. As long as it lives, it is filled and emptied daily. As it empties, it gets rid of fiber, pollutants, metabolic waste products and fluid. When a portion of stool has reached the rectum or when the bladder is sufficiently full, regulatory circuits are triggered. The stool in the rectum irritates stretch receptors in the rectal wall. Nerve pathways leading to the spinal cord transmit the information. In the sacral medulla, there is a switch to the parasympathetic nervous system and to nerve pathways that in turn lead toward the intestines. These cause a reflex relaxation of the internal anal sphincter. At the same time, the reflex tension of the external anal sphincter is accomplished via motor nerve pathways, originating in the sacral medulla. This now felt increased pressure of the defecation reflex triggers the bowel movement (defecation ). When going to the toilet, all sphincters of the anal area finally become slack. At the same time, the internal abdominal pressure is increased, triggered by the working abdominal muscles and the diaphragm. The body also needs a certain – albeit significantly lower – pressing ability to urinate (micturition). When the bladder is filled with 300 – 600 ml of urine, the involuntary urge to urinate is triggered. Two sphincters ensure that the bladder remains closed until emptying. The external sphincter consists of striated muscle cells, the internal one of smooth muscle cells. A third muscle, the bladder emptier, adapts to the changing pressure conditions. The more the bladder is filled, the more it relaxes. If the bladder emptier cannot adapt further, a rapid increase in pressure occurs inside the bladder. The stretch receptors in the bladder wall carry the information. Eventually, the bladder emptier contracts, the internal sphincter stretches, and the external sphincter slackens. The sympathetic nervous system is involved in “filling” the bladder, while the parasympathetic nervous system is involved in emptying it. The activity of the sympathetic nervous system thus prevents constant emptying of the bladder. When a baby is born, several regulatory circuits run between the uterus and the mother’s spinal cord. The baby also assists in its birth. If the natural ability to push were not present within the pushing contractions, no baby could be born.
Illnesses and diseases
During the aging process, lung volume may decrease, so that less oxygen can be absorbed and made available for the body to breathe. The efficiency of the heart may then decrease, causing blood to be pumped more slowly and inefficiently through the body. During exertion, the aging person reaches his or her performance limits more quickly, the pulse increases, and shortness of breath occurs. Part of the aging process is also that the muscle strength in the body decreases. This affects both the trunk muscles and the muscles of the extremities, hands, feet and face. The innermost muscle layer, which is related to a pressing ability, is the pelvic floor muscles. If never is not strong, it sags. This can cause a lowering of the internal organs in the abdominal cavity, bladder weakness, incontinence, back pain and also potency problems can be the result. In the case of paraplegia above the sacral medulla, the defecation reflex remains intact, but cannot be voluntarily implemented. Suppositories (suppositories) or clysms (enemas, introduction of a liquid into the intestinal tract) can then provide defecation. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis may result in impaction. In ulcerative colitis, the intestinal mucosa of the colon is chronically inflamed.The cause of colitis is unknown, but it is assumed that a genetic predisposition to an autoimmune reaction against one’s own intestinal flora is causative. Hygiene standards, diet and stress play a major role in the development of the disease. Severe flatulence and colic with fecal incontinence are the rule. Crohn’s disease can affect the entire digestive tract – from the oral cavity to the anus. However, the lower small intestine and colon are most commonly affected by the autoimmune disease. A characteristic of Crohn’s disease is that only individual sections of the intestine are affected by the disease, with healthy areas in between. Fistulas at the anus may occur. Crohn’s disease also causes colic and diarrhea. Bladder dysfunction in childhood is nocturnal enuresis. In older age, in addition to incontinence, it is incomplete voiding with increased residual urine. A large percentage of multiple sclerosis sufferers develop bladder dysfunction. In paraplegia, nerve supply to the bladder may be impaired. Finally, tumors in the genitourinary and colonic areas can severely limit the ability to squeeze.
