Pathogenesis (development of disease)
Irradiation of the body results in increased formation of free radicals, which in turn damage cells and their mitochondria (power plants of cells) and DNA (genetic material). This leads to apoptosis (programmed cell death) or mutations, which in turn promote neoplasia (cancer). The faster the division rate of cells (e.g. the mucosa (mucous membrane) in the gastrointestinal tract; bone marrow), the more sensitive they are to radiation. The higher the differentiation rate of the cell, the less sensitive they are to the radiation.
Etiology (causes)
Biographic causes
- Occupations – occupations with possible contact with radiation/radionucleotides.
X-rays
- X-rays for therapeutic purposes
Environmental pollution – intoxications
- Contact with radiation/radionucleotides
Other causes
- Atomic bomb explosion
- Radiation accidents (e.g. nuclear power plant accident).
