To prevent hypernephroma (renal cell carcinoma), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors.
Behavioral risk factors
- Consumption of stimulants
- Tobacco (smoking)
- Overweight (BMI ≥ 25; obesity).
Environmental pollution – intoxications (poisonings).
- Arsenic
- Men: mortality risk (risk of death)/relative risk (RR) 1.75 (95 percent confidence interval 1.49-2.05).
- Women: Mortality risk/relative risk 2.09 (95-percent confidence interval 1.69-2.57).
- Heavy metal exposure, especially lead or cadmium are discussed
Prevention factors (protective factors)
- Genetic factors:
- Genetic risk reduction depending on gene polymorphisms:
- Genes/SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism):
- Genes: TRAJ57
- SNP: rs7105934 in the gene TRAJ57
- Allele constellation: AG (0.69-fold).
- Allele constellation: AA (0.48-fold)
- Genes/SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism):
- Genetic risk reduction depending on gene polymorphisms:
- High versus low leisure-time physical activity is associated with a lower risk of hypernephroma (-23%; HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.85).
