Neuroblastoma (ICD-10-GM C74.-: Malignant neoplasm of the adrenal gland) is a malignant neoplasm (malignant neoplasm) of the autonomic nervous system. Neuroblastoma is the second most common malignant neoplasm in children behind acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Sex ratio: girls and boys are affected with approximately equal frequency. Frequency peak: the disease occurs in childhood. In 90% … Neuroblastoma
The medical history (history of the patient) represents an important component in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Family history Is there a frequent history of cancer in your family? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What symptoms have you noticed? How long have these changes existed? Does your child feel tired, weak? … Neuroblastoma: Medical History
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Infections, unspecified Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48). Neoplasms, unspecified
Therapeutic targets Symptom relief Preservation and improvement of the quality of life Prolongation of survival time Therapy recommendations Therapy of low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. In the presence of low-grade cytopenia (decrease in cell count) and depending on age and comorbidities (concomitant diseases), it is sufficient to initially observe or wait (“watch and wait”) in these patients. … Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Drug Therapy
Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of abdominal organs) – asking for the presence of splenomegaly (splenomegaly) and hepatomegaly (liver enlargement).
To prevent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Environmental exposures – Intoxications (poisonings). Long-term exposure (10-20 years) to toxic (poisonous) substances such as benzenes and also certain solvents – particularly affected are gas station attendants, painters and varnishers, and also airport attendants (kerosene).
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): Symptoms due to cytopenia (decrease in the number of cells in the blood) (80%). Anemia symptoms (70-80%). Exertional dyspnea (shortness of breath during exertion). Exercise tachycardia (rapid heartbeat under stress). Paleness of the skin and mucous membranes Headache Tiredness and fatigue Dizziness Decreased physical and … Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (disease development) Myelodysplastic syndrome disorders are clonal disorders of hematopoiesis (blood formation), meaning that there are qualitative and quantitative changes in hematopoiesis as well as peripheral cytopenia (decreased number of cells in the blood). The defect is in the pluripotent stem cell (stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type of an organism) … Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Causes
Supportive therapy Supportive therapy refers to measures that are used in a supportive manner. They are not intended to cure the disease, but to accelerate the healing process and alleviate symptoms. If there is a deficiency of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or platelets (thrombocytes) in the peripheral blood, blood transfusions may be considered: Transfusion of … Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Therapy
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer (esophageal cancer). Family history Does your family have a history of frequent tumors or diseases of the gastrointestinal tract? Social history What is your profession? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What changes have you noticed? Do you … Esophageal Cancer: Medical History
Cardiovascular System (I00-I99). Coronary artery disease (CAD) – disease of the coronary arteries. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93). Diffuse esophageal spasm – neuromuscular dysfunction of esophageal muscles with intermittent retrosternal (located behind the sternum) pain. Hypercontractile esophagus (nutcracker esophagus). Gastric ulcer (stomach ulcer) Esophagitis (inflammation of the … Esophageal Cancer: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by esophageal cancer (esophageal cancer): Respiratory system (J00-J99) Pneumonia (pneumonia) Fistulas between the respiratory and digestive tracts Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48). Early metastasis due to lack of serosal coating of the intrathoracic esophagus: Infiltration of adjacent structures Lymph nodes – including … Esophageal Cancer: Complications