A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps:
- General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further:
- Inspection (viewing).
- Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye).
- Auscultation (listening) to the lungs.
- Examination of the abdomen (abdomen)
- Percussion (tapping) of the abdomen
- [Meteorism (flatulence): hypersonoric tapping sound.
- Attenuation of tapping sound due to enlarged liver or spleen, tumor, urinary retention?
- Hepatomegaly (liver enlargement) and/or splenomegaly (spleen enlargement): estimate liver and spleen size]
- Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (tenderness?, knocking pain?, coughing pain?, defensive tension?, hernial orifices?, renal bearing knocking pain?).
- Percussion (tapping) of the abdomen
- Inspection (viewing).
- Cancer prevention
Square brackets [ ] indicate possible pathological (pathological) physical findings.