A nucleosome represents the smallest packaging unit of a chromosome. Together with linker protein and linker DNA, nucleosomes are part of chromatin, the material that makes up chromosomes. Autoimmune diseases of the rheumatic circle may develop in association with antibodies to nucleosomes. What is a nucleosome? Nucleosomes are composed of DNA wound around an octamer … Nucleosome: Structure, Function & Diseases
Lymphoid follicles play a major role in the human defense system. They contain a large amount of B lymphocytes, which multiply into immune cells when they come into contact with pathogens. What are lymphoid follicles? Lymphoid follicles are a component of the lymphatic system. Under a light microscope, they can be seen as a spherical … Lymph Follicles: Structure, Function & Diseases
Introduction Goodpasture’s syndrome, anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease/anti-GBM disease, is one of many severe but fortunately rare autoimmune diseases. In autoimmune diseases, the own body produces antibodies, i.e. actually “good defensive substances” of our body’s immune system, against the body’s own structures or cells. Normally, these antibodies are only formed after a person has come … Goodpasture syndrome
Treatment The basis of the treatment of Goodpasture’s syndrome is the administration of immunosuppressive drugs (such as cyclophosphamide) and glucocorticoids (i.e. cortisone) and a plasma exchange (“plasmapheresis”) to remove the circulating antibodies.The survival after 1 year in a British retrospective is 100% and the survival of the kidneys is 95%. According to recent findings, an … Treatment | Goodpasture syndrome
A lumpectomy is the surgical removal of a small breast cancer lump. The primary goal in this surgical procedure is to preserve the breast. Only the tumor itself and adjacent tissue are removed. What is lumpectomy? A lumpectomy is the surgical removal of a small breast cancer lump. Lumpectomy is a breast-conserving surgical technique commonly … Lumpectomy: Treatment, Effect & Risks
The incubation period is the time between infection with a pathogen and the onset of the first symptoms. During the incubation period, the pathogens multiply and the patient’s body produces antibodies. How long this phase drags on depends on the infection and the patient’s constitution. What is the incubation period? The incubation period is the … Incubation Period: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
The complement system is a part of the immune system. It consists of more than 30 proteins and is used to defend against bacteria, fungi or parasites. What is the complement system? The complement system is a part of the immune system. It consists of more than 30 proteins and is used to defend against … Complement System: Function, Role & Diseases
Basal metabolic rate is the total metabolic rate of the human organism. In order for the body to maintain all functions, it requires a certain level of energy. If the rate falls below the minimum, there is a breakdown of important structures. What is the basal metabolic rate? The basal metabolic rate is the total … Basal Metabolic Rate: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
The germ Bordetella parapertussis belongs to the genus Bordetella and is difficult to distinguish from the related germ Bordetella pertussis. What is Bordetella parapertussis? The bacterium Bordetella parapertussis owes its name to its genetic and biochemical similarity to the related germ Bordetella pertussis. The generic name Bordetella was used in memory of the microbiologist Jules … Bordetella Parapertussis: Infection, Transmission & Diseases
Immunologic memory is composed of memory T and B cells and provides the immune system with specific information about particular pathogens. This allows the immune system to fight disease more effectively and quickly after initial infection. In autoimmune diseases, faulty information is probably stored in the immunological memory. What is immunologic memory? The memory T … Immunological Memory: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Thyroxine-binding globulin is a protein that binds the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) in the body. These play an important role fϋr energy metabolism in mammals. What is thyroxine-binding globulin? Thyroxine-binding globulin belongs to the group of globulins, storage and transport proteins, in blood plasma. Globulins are divided into four groups. This subdivision … Thyroxine-binding Globulin: Function & Diseases
Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare disease of the liver. As the disease progresses, the body develops antibodies that damage its own liver. If left untreated, the patient may die. What is autoimmune hepatitis? Autoimmune hepatitis is not caused by viruses. Instead, a misregulation occurs that causes the body to no longer consider certain cells as … Autoimmune Hepatitis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
