Daunorubicin is a drug in the cytostatic and anthracycline drug class. The drug is used as a cytostatic agent. What is daunorubicin? Daunorubicin is available by prescription and is used to treat a variety of cancers. For this purpose, the drug is infused intravenously. Daunorubicin is both a glycoside and an antibiotic. It comes from … Daunorubicin: Effects, Uses & Risks
In holocrine secretion, glandular cells themselves become a component of a secretion by perishing during secretion. Such a mechanism is present in the human organism in the secretion of sebum. Both overproduction and underproduction of sebum can be pathological. What is holocrine secretion? Holocrine secretion is found, for example, in human sebaceous glands. The secreting … Holocrine Secretion: Function, Role & Diseases
Interphase refers to the portion of the cell cycle that occurs between two cell divisions. During this phase, the cell performs its normal functions and prepares for the next mitosis. Proper cell cycle progression is monitored at two interphase checkpoints and at one checkpoint during mitosis. What is interphase? Interphase refers to the portion of … Interphase: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Granzymes consist exclusively of serine proteases found primarily in the granules of NK cells and cytotoxic T cells of the innate and acquired immune systems. The granzymes are released by degranulation upon recognition of a cell infected with viruses, a tumor cell, or even cells of transplanted foreign tissue. The released granzymes trigger programmed cell … Granzyme: Structure, Function & Diseases
The term cytokines encompasses a highly differentiated group of peptides and proteins that act as messengers to exert substantial influence on immune responses by cells of the innate and acquired immune systems. Cytokines include interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors and other polypeptides or proteins. Cytokines are mostly-but not exclusively-produced by cells of the immune system … Cytokines: Structure, Function & Diseases
Cytotoxicity characterizes the degree of toxic effect of chemical substances and living cells on body cells. Through their influence, the human cell is damaged or even killed. In this process, many different processes lead to the destruction of body cells. What is cytotoxicity? Cytotoxicity characterizes the degree to which chemical substances and living cells have … Cytotoxicity: Function, Role & Diseases
NK cells are part of the innate immune system and belong to the leukocyte group, the white blood cells. Their main function is to recognize infected and degenerate endogenous cells and to attack the cells directly by cytotoxic agents that partially dissolve the membrane of the target cell and initiate its programmed cell death. NK … NK Cell: Structure, Function & Diseases
Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligately anaerobic bacterium belonging to the division Firmicutes. The endospore-forming bacterium is considered one of the most important nosocomial pathogens and can lead to the occurrence of antibiotic-associated colitis, especially in the clinical setting. What is Clostridium difficile? Clostridium difficile is a rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium and belongs to the … Clostridium Difficile: Infection, Transmission & Diseases
Polyendocrine autoimmune diseases represent a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders in which multiple endocrine and nondocrine organs may be affected simultaneously. These diseases occur very rarely and probably all have a genetic background. Treatment is not causative, but only symptomatic by hormone replacement of missing hormones. What are polyendocrine autoimmune diseases? Polyendocrine autoimmune diseases are … Polyendocrine Autoimmune Diseases: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Killer cells are part of the immune system. As so-called cytotoxic T cells (acquired immune system) or as natural killer cells (innate immune system), they recognize and attack cells foreign to the body and altered cells belonging to the body, such as cancer cells, cells infected by viruses or bacteria, or aging cells. The killer … Killer Cell: Structure, Function & Diseases
Leishmania brasiliensis are small, flagellated protozoa belonging to the bacterial phylum Leishmania, subgenus Viannia. They live parasitically in macrophages, into which they have entered by phagocytosis without causing harm. They are causative agents of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and require host switching via the sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia to spread. What is Leishmania brasiliensis? … Leishmania Brasiliensis: Infection, Transmission & Diseases
Leishmania infantum is a small bacterium of the Leishmania family and lives as a parasite obligate intracellularly in macrophages of humans and other vertebrates. The bacterium undergoes host switching between sandflies and humans or vertebrates to maintain its species, switching from the flagellated (mosquito) to the unflagellated form (human or vertebrate). Leishmania infantum can be … Leishmania Infantum: Infection, Transmission & Diseases
