Excitation transmission from cell to cell – even from nerve cell to nerve cell – occurs through synapses. These are junctions between two nerve cells or between nerve cell and other tissue cells that are specialized for signal transmission and reception. In most cases, signal transmission occurs via so-called messenger substances (neurotransmitters); only in the … Excitation Transmission: Function, Task & Diseases
Synapses are the junctions between nerve cells and sensory, muscle, or glandular cells, or between two or more nerve cells. They serve to transmit signals and stimuli. Stimulus transmission is mostly chemical by means of neurotransmitters. There are also synapses that transmit their action potential directly by electrical means, which makes the transmission of stimuli … Synapses: Structure, Function & Diseases
Exocytosis is the process of releasing substances from inside the cell to the outside. This complex process occurs in several steps. A distinction is made between constitutive exocytosis and stimulated exocytosis. What is exocytosis? Exocytosis is the process of releasing substances from inside the cell to the outside. Figure shows cell interior with components. The … Exocytosis: Function, Role & Diseases
During degranulation, vesicles located in a cell combine with its cell membrane to release increased secretions. This process is used by the immune system, among others, to fight pathogens with these secretions. Disturbances in degranulation can therefore also affect the immune system. What is degranulation? Medicine refers to degranulation as a biological process at the … Degranulation: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
The term pinocytosis derives from the Greek word “pinein,” which translates to the German verb “to drink,” and “kytos,” which means “cavity” or “cell.” Cells take up liquids (pinocytosis) and solids (phagocytosis) in the form of small vesicles from their surrounding medium. What is pinocytosis? Cells take up liquids (pinocytosis) and solids (phagocytosis) in the … Pinocytosis: Function, Role & Diseases
Transcytosis is a type of mass transfer in which a specific substance is taken up into the cell via endocytosis and released back into the extracellular space by exocytosis. Transcytosis is receptor-driven and occurs primarily in the epithelium of the intestine, at the blood–brain barrier, and in the placenta. The consequences of disruption of transcytosis … Transcytosis: Function, Role & Diseases
Membrane flux is the term used to summarize all processes of intercellular mass transport across the endomembrane system. This primarily includes endo-, exo-, and transcytosis, which allow cells to take up and release substances by displacing the membrane. Disruption of membrane flux can cause cell death (apoptosis). What is membrane flux? Membrane flux is the … Membrane Flow: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Membrane permeability characterizes the permeability of molecules through cell membranes. All cells are demarcated from intercellular space by biomembranes and simultaneously contain cell organelles that are themselves surrounded by membranes. The permeability of membranes is necessary for the smooth flow of biochemical reactions. What is membrane permeability? Membrane permeability characterizes the permeability of molecules through … Membrane Permeability: Function, Role & Diseases
