Blood pressure measurement: values and what they mean
When blood pressure changes, the systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower) values are usually increased or decreased together. In some cases, however, only one of the two values deviates from the norm. For example, an elevated diastolic blood pressure can be the result of an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). A lowered lower value can be caused by heart valve damage (aortic valve insufficiency).
In order to be able to assess blood pressure over time, it makes sense for patients to measure it regularly at home and enter the values in a blood pressure chart. The doctor then interprets the results and adjusts any ongoing therapy accordingly.
Blood pressure values measured in the doctor’s surgery are often slightly higher than those measured at home, which can be explained by a certain nervousness of patients when visiting the doctor (“white coat effect”).
Blood pressure: normal values and high blood pressure classification
The following classification applies to blood pressure values in Germany, Austria and Switzerland:
- optimal blood pressure: <120/<80 mmHg
- normal blood pressure: 120-129/80-84 mmHg
- high normal blood pressure: 130-139/85-89 mmHg
- mild high blood pressure: 140-159/90-99 mmHg
- moderate high blood pressure: 160-179/100-109 mmHg
- severe high blood pressure: >180/>110 mmHg
High blood pressure (values from 140/90 mmHg) can be inherited (familial hypertension) or a symptom of another disease. You can read more about this topic in the article High blood pressure.
Blood pressure levels in children
Blood pressure levels in children are normally lower than those of adults. They are usually measured as part of preventive care for children and adolescents.
Some parents also want to measure their own blood pressure at home. It should be noted that the values depend greatly on the size and age of the child. Accordingly, different reference ranges apply, which makes it difficult for laypersons to assess the measured values. However, the Professional Association of Pediatricians (D), for example, offers online information on children’s blood pressure values (table and calculator), which takes these particularities into account (at: www.kinderaerzte-im-netz.de).
