The cremaster muscle is also known as the cremaster muscle or testicular lifter and surrounds the spermatic cord and testicles. It contracts reflexively in response to external stimuli such as cold, pulling the testicles toward the trunk. In testicular malpositions such as pendulous testis, exaggerated reflex movement causes abnormal testicular positions. What is the cremaster … Musculus Cremaster: Structure, Function & Diseases
Fibrinolysis is characterized by the dissolution of fibrin by the enzyme plasmin. It is subject to complicated regulatory mechanisms in the organism and is in balance with hemostasis (blood clotting). Disturbance of this balance can lead to severe bleeding or thrombosis as well as embolism. What is fibrinolysis? The function of fibrinolysis is to limit … Fibrinolysis: Function, Role & Diseases
The abdominal aorta is the descending portion of the large body artery below the thoracic aorta. The abdominal aorta begins at the level of the diaphragmatic hernia and extends to branch into the two major iliac arteries at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra. The two larger renal arteries and a number of smaller … Abdominal Aorta: Structure, Function & Diseases
The pectoralis reflex is a stretch reflex of the pectoralis muscle that is one of the intrinsic reflexes. Stretching of the muscle tendon causes the muscle to contract in this process, inducing abduction of the upper arm at the shoulder joint. A pathologically altered pectoralis reflex is present in the setting of various nerve injuries. … Pectoralis Reflex: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Definition Osteonecrosis (also known as bone necrosis, bone infarction) is an infarction of a whole bone or a part of a bone, which leads to the death of tissue (= necrosis). In principle, osteonecrosis can occur in any bone in the body (even in the big toe: Renander’s disease). However, there are some preferred localizations. … Osteonecrosis
Knee Osteonecrosis is also a typical disease for the knee, or the lower end of the thigh bone. If the knee is affected, the medical term is “Ahlbäck’s disease” (synonym: aseptic bone necrosis of the knee). The cause for the death of the bone substance is primarily a disturbance of the regular blood circulation of … Knee | Osteonecrosis
Pine The long-term intake of bisphosphonates can lead to the death of bone tissue in all bony structures. While this phenomenon is quite rare in the knee area, bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis in the jaw is more common. Furthermore, drugs from the steroid group are also suspected of provoking osteonecrosis of the jaw and knee. Patients suffering … Pine | Osteonecrosis
Therapy The therapy of choice for osteonecrosis depends on several factors. Sometimes it is sufficient to spare the affected part of the body for a while and not to burden it with weight, i.e. to treat it purely conservatively. Thanks to this resting period, spontaneous healing can often be achieved. In worse cases, however, only … Therapy | Osteonecrosis
Symptoms A heart attack manifests itself in acute and severe pain and a feeling of tightness and pressure in the chest, which may also radiate to the arms, jaw or abdomen. Other symptoms include nausea, indigestion, shortness of breath, coughing, a break of sweat, pallor, fear of death, unconsciousness and dizziness. A myocardial infarction lasts … Heart Attack Causes and Treatment
The Piotrowski reflex is a foot reflex of the tibialis anterior muscle. It is physiologically present only weakly or not at all. Increased reflex movement may indicate neurologic damage in the pyramidal tracts of the spinal cord. What is the Piotrowski reflex? The Piotrowki reflex occurs after a blow to the distal end of the … Piotrowski Reflex: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Many people have heard or read that over 60,000 people die each year from infarcts of various types. Infarction is one of the most common causes of hospitalization in Germany and among the leading causes of death. A large part of the population thinks of the word infarction only in terms of the best known, … Infarction: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Introduction Blood platelets, or thrombocytes, are cells in the blood that play an important role in blood clotting, i.e. stopping bleeding. Along with red blood cells and immune cells (leukocytes), they are one of the main components of the blood. The technical term thrombocyte for blood platelets is derived from the Greek von thrombos for … Platelets
