Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor, i.e. a cancer of the bladder. The bladder is part of the urinary organs, which stores the urine that is produced by the filtration of the blood through the kidneys and reaches the bladder via the ureters, up to the so-called micturition (urination). In most cases, cells of the … Bladder cancer causes and treatment
Diagnosis Bladder cancer can be diagnosed with certainty by so-called cystoscopy. A thin tube is inserted through the urethra into the bladder under local anesthesia, so that the inside of the bladder can be viewed enlarged. Unfortunately, bladder cancer as such does not have any specific parameters that can be examined in a blood count. … Diagnosis | Bladder cancer causes and treatment
Therapy The therapy of a bladder cancer depends on which variant of the bladder cancer it is. In the case of superficial bladder cancer, doctors remove it surgically by means of an operation abbreviated as ‘TUR’. This stands for ‘transurethral resection’. This refers to a surgical removal of the carcinoma, in which the surgeon inserts … Therapy | Bladder cancer causes and treatment
Prophylaxis Bladder cancer can be indirectly prevented by refraining from smoking cigarettes in any case (here, care should also be taken to expose oneself to the danger of passive smoking as rarely as possible). Increased contact with the above-mentioned chemicals, whose carcinogenic effect has been proven, should also be avoided at all costs. It should … Prophylaxis | Bladder cancer causes and treatment
Prostate carcinoma is a malignant tumor that develops from the tissue of the prostate. It is the most common carcinoma in men and is the third most common cause of cancer in men, leading to death. The frequency of this disease increases continuously with age. A characteristic feature of prostate cancer is its slow growth, … Prostate carcinoma
Symptoms There are almost no early warning signs of prostate cancer. Relevantly noticeable and specific symptoms usually do not appear until the advanced stage, which is why regular participation in routine examinations is very important. If the tumor is still confined to the prostate and presses against the urethra, urination may become difficult. These include, … Symptoms | Prostate carcinoma
Diagnosis In order to finally confirm the diagnosis of prostate cancer, a biopsy is required, i.e. a sample is taken from the prostate gland and examined microscopically for degenerated cells. This is carried out if the palpation finding at the DRU was conspicuous, the PSA value exceeds 4ng/ml or a rapid increase in the PSA … Diagnosis | Prostate carcinoma
Staging Once the grading and staging has been completed and the PSA level determined, prostate cancers can be further grouped into different stages with similar prognosis. An often used classification is that according to UICC (Union internationale contre le cancer). Stage I prostate carcinomas are those that are confined to the prostate, have no lymph … Staging | Prostate carcinoma
OP The surgical treatment option is radical prostatectomy (RPE). The prostate gland (prostate) is completely cut out (ectomy), usually both seminal vesicles and possibly also affected lymph nodes in the immediate vicinity (regional lymph nodes). There are various surgical procedures. The operation can be performed through the abdomen (retropubic RPE) or from the perineum (perineal … OP | Prostate carcinoma
