midazolam

Midazolam: Effects, Areas of Application, Side Effects

How midazolam works Midazolam is a so-called benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines bind to the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA receptor) in the central nervous system and enhance the effect of the natural messenger GABA. In this way, they have dose-dependent antianxiety (anxiolytic), sedative, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant effects. One of these messenger substances is GABA. It has an … Midazolam: Effects, Areas of Application, Side Effects

Benzodiazepines Effects and Side Effects

Products Benzodiazepines are commercially available in the form of tablets, melting tablets, capsules, drops, and injectables, among others (selection). Chlordiazepoxide (Librium), the first benzodiazepine, was synthesized in the 1950s by Leo Sternbach at Hoffmann-La Roche and was launched in 1960. The second active ingredient, the well-known diazepam (Valium), was launched in 1962. Numerous other drugs … Benzodiazepines Effects and Side Effects

Febrile Convulsions

Symptoms Febrile convulsions manifest as seizures, which occur in infants and children in association with a febrile illness. The children shake involuntarily, have convulsions, roll their eyes, have difficulty breathing, and may lose consciousness. Seizures usually last less than 10 minutes, but may last more than half an hour in a minority. Most cases are … Febrile Convulsions

First-Pass Metabolism

The effect of the first liver passage For a perorally administered pharmaceutical agent to exert its effects at the site of action, it usually must enter the systemic circulation. To do so, it must pass through the intestinal wall, the liver, and part of the circulatory system. Despite complete absorption in the intestine, the bioavailability … First-Pass Metabolism

Interactions with Grapefruit Juice

Background That grapefruit juice can cause drug-drug interactions was discovered by chance in a clinical trial in 1989 and confirmed in an experiment by the same research group in 1991 (Bailey et al, 1989, 1991). This showed that simultaneous ingestion of grapefruit juice with the calcium channel blocker felodipine significantly increases the bioavailability of felodipine. … Interactions with Grapefruit Juice

Nicotinic Acid

Products Nicotinic acid was commercially available in the form of modified-release tablets as a fixed combination with laropiprant (Tredaptive, 1000 mg/20 mg). The combination was approved in many countries in 2009, replacing earlier monopreparations such as Niaspan. The drug was withdrawn from the market on January 31, 2013. Structure and properties Nicotinic acid (C5H5NO2, Mr … Nicotinic Acid

Advantages with anaesthesia | Anesthesia for a colonoscopy– is that dangerous?

Advantages with anaesthesia One advantage of performing a colonoscopy under anaesthesia is clearly that one does not notice anything of the relatively unpleasant examination. A colonoscopy can certainly cause discomfort and sometimes pain. For example, air is blown into the intestine to allow the intestinal wall to unfold. This can be perceived as an unpleasant … Advantages with anaesthesia | Anesthesia for a colonoscopy– is that dangerous?

Duration of anaesthesia | Anesthesia for a colonoscopy– is that dangerous?

Duration of anaesthesia The duration of the colonoscopy depends on various factors. On the one hand, the condition of the intestine plays an important role. For example, if the bowel is very curved, visibility can be poor and the duration of the colonoscopy can therefore be extended. Furthermore, a colonoscopy takes longer if pathological changes … Duration of anaesthesia | Anesthesia for a colonoscopy– is that dangerous?

Midazolam

Products Midazolam is commercially available as film-coated tablets and as a solution for injection (Dormicum, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1982. Midazolam nasal spray has not yet been registered in many countries and must be prepared in a pharmacy as an extemporaneous formulation or imported. In 2012, a solution for use … Midazolam

Midazolam Nasal Spray

Products In many countries, midazolam nasal spray is not yet available and registered as a finished drug product and therefore must be prepared as an extemporaneous formulation in a pharmacy or, at most, imported from abroad. It was approved in the United States in 2019 (Nayzilam). See also under diazepam nasal spray. Structure and properties … Midazolam Nasal Spray

Midazolam: Effects, Uses & Risks

Midazolam is among the best-known sedatives. The active ingredient, which is available by prescription, belongs to the group of benzodiazepines. What is midazolam? Midazolam is among the best-known sedatives. Midazolam is a hypnotic or sedative that belongs to the group of short-acting benzodiazepines. The name ‘midazolam’ is derived from ‘imidazole’, a heretocyclic organic compound. Midazolam … Midazolam: Effects, Uses & Risks