Products Pure benzoic acid is available as an open product in pharmacies and drugstores. It is found in liquid, semi-solid and solid medicines. Structure and properties Benzoic acid (C7H6O2, Mr = 122.1 g/mol) exists as a white, odorless, crystalline powder or as colorless crystals and is sparingly soluble in water. In contrast, it is more … Benzoic Acid
Products Lip balms are available in numerous variants from many suppliers in retail and specialty stores. The best-known brand in German-speaking countries is Labello. Labello is also used as a synonym for the general term lip pomade. Pomade (with an m) derives from, French for ointment. Lip pomades can also be homemade, see Homemade lip … Lip Balm
Products Preservatives can be found in liquid, semi-solid and solid pharmaceuticals. They are also used for food and cosmetics. Structure and properties Preservatives belong to various chemical groups. These include, for example: Acids and their salts Benzoic acid derivatives, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Quaternary ammonium compounds Alcohols Phenols Preservatives can be of natural and synthetic origin. … Preservative
Products Some drugs are commercially available as mouthwashes. A selection of the active ingredients they contain is listed below: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea, mallow. Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Structure and properties Mouthwashes are liquid dosage forms for the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients into the mouth and throat. They … Mouthwashes
Products Mouth sprays are commercially available as drugs, medical devices, and dietary supplements. Listed below are some active ingredients that are administered with an oral spray: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea. Gel former: celluloses Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Nitrates: isosorbide dinitrate Weaning agents: nicotine Cannabinoids: cannabidiol (CBD), cannabis extract. Mouth … Mouth Sprays
Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials
Products Parabens are found in numerous pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods, among other products, as excipients or food additives. Structure and properties Parabens are ester derivatives of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (= para-hydroxybenzoic acid). They exist as white, odorless and tasteless powders and are sparingly soluble in water. Water solubility decreases with the length of the side chain. … Parabens
Products Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (methylparaben) is present in many drugs as an excipient, especially in liquid and semisolid dosage forms. Structure and properties Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (C8H8O3, Mr = 152.1 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water (about 1.8 g per liter at 20°C). The melting point is about 125°C. … Methyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate
Products Cough syrups are commercially available from numerous suppliers. Typical categories include herbal, “chemical” (containing synthetic active ingredients), cough-irritant, and expectorant. They are sold in pharmacies and drugstores, among other places. Cough syrup can also be prepared by the patient. For example, vegetable extracts (see below), honey, sugar and drinking water can be used. Homemade … Cough Syrups
Products Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (propylparaben) is used as an excipient in many drugs, especially in liquid and semisolid dosage forms. Structure and properties Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (C10H12O3, Mr = 180.2 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder and is very slightly soluble in water. The melting point is about 99 °C. Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate belongs to the paraben … Propyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate
Structure and properties Solutions are liquid preparations for oral use in which one or more active ingredients together with the excipients are dissolved in water or another suitable liquid (e.g., fatty oils, triglycerides). Oral solutions can also be freshly prepared from a powder or granules by adding the solvent (example: macrogols). Excipients include solubilizers (e.g., … Solutions
Symptoms Allergies can affect various organ systems: Skin: hives with wheals, itching, redness, swelling (edema), eczema. Nose: runny and stuffy nose, sneezing, itching. Airways: bronchoconstriction, shortness of breath, cough, asthma. Digestive tract: diarrhea, vomiting, indigestion. Eyes: Allergic conjunctivitis, redness, tearing. Cardiovascular: Drop in blood pressure, rapid heartbeat Mouth, mucous membrane: Burning, furry feeling, swelling. Throat: … Allergy
