Products Chewing gums with active pharmaceutical ingredients are available in pharmacies and drugstores. In many countries, only a few pharmaceuticals are approved as chewing gums. Most belong to other product categories, for example, confectionery, dietary supplements, or dental care products. Structure and properties Active ingredient-containing chewing gums are solid single-dose preparations with a base mass … Chewing Gums
Products Many drugs are available in the form of suppositories. The most commonly administered in the office are acetaminophen suppositories for the treatment of fever and pain in infants and children (photo, click to enlarge). Definition Suppositories are single-dose medicinal preparations with a solid consistency. They usually have an elongated, torpedo-like shape and a smooth … Suppositories (Suppositories)
Products Suspensions are commercially available as cosmetics, medical devices, and drugs. Typical examples of medicines are eye drop suspensions, antibiotic suspensions, nasal sprays with glucocorticoids and other drugs for ingestion, antacids, the activated charcoal suspension, injection suspensions and shaking mixtures. Structure and properties Suspensions are liquid preparations for internal or external use. They are heterogeneous … Suspensions
Products Pastes are available in pharmacies and drugstores. Typical examples are the zinc pastes, pasta cerata Schleich, pastes for use on the lips, skin protection pastes and pastes against fungal infections. They are generally used less frequently than creams and ointments. Structure and properties Pastes are semisolid preparations with a high proportion of finely dispersed … Pastes
Products Extracts are contained in numerous medicinal products, for example, in tablets, capsules, drops, creams, ointments, and injection solutions (selection). They are also used in the preparation of cosmetics, dietary supplements, foods, and medical devices. Structure and properties Extracts are extracts made with a solvent (= extracting agent) such as water, ethanol, methanol, fatty oils, … Extracts
Products Foams are commercially available as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics (personal care products), medical devices, and foods. Some examples are listed below: Rectal foam containing budesonide or mesalazine for inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis of the rectum). Glucocorticoids and calcipotriol in psoriasis of the skin or scalp. Minoxidil for the treatment of androgenetic hair loss. No drugs: … Foams
Products Shampoos are marketed as drugs, personal care products, and medical devices. Examples of active ingredients in medicines are listed below: Glucocorticoids Selenium disulfide, sulfur Antifungals: Ketoconazole, ciclopirox Zinc pyrithione Salicylic acid Structure and properties Shampoos are liquid to viscous preparations for application to the skin and scalp, which are washed out with water after … Shampoos
Products Creams (High German: Cremes) are commercially available as medicinal products, cosmetics and medical devices. Creams are available in numerous variations, for example as hand creams, day and night creams, sun creams and fat creams. Structure and properties Creams are semi-solid preparations usually intended for application to the skin or mucous membrane. They are multiphase … Creams
Definition and properties Tablets are solid dosage forms containing one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients (exception: placebos). They are intended to be taken by mouth. Tablets may be swallowed unchewed or chewed, dissolved in water or allowed to disintegrate before use, or retained in the oral cavity, depending on the galenic form. The Latin term … Tablets
Products In many countries, only a few ear drops are currently on the market. They are also produced in pharmacies themselves. Structure and properties Ear drops are solutions, emulsions, or suspensions containing one or more active ingredients in liquids suitable for use in the ear canal. These include, for example, water, glycols, glycerol, propylene glycol, … Ear Drops
Products Injection preparations are approved as medicinal products. Structure and properties Injection preparations are sterile solutions, emulsions, or suspensions prepared by dissolving, emulsifying, or suspending the active ingredient and excipients in water or a suitable nonaqueous liquid (e.g., fatty oils). Compared with infusions, these are usually small volumes in the range of less than a … Injections
Products Numerous medicines are commercially available as film-coated tablets. Today, they are produced much more frequently than the classic coated tablets, which are characterized by a thicker layer with sugar. If tablets are newly registered, they are usually film-coated tablets. Structure and properties Film-coated tablets are tablets that are coated with a thin layer of … Film Tablets
