In earlier times, women had few options to prevent pregnancy. It was not until 1960 that the first “pill” to be taken was available. The prerequisite for the development of the pill was the discovery that the female body is subject to regular cyclical changes, which is controlled by many hormones. History of the pill … Who Invented the Birth Control Pill?
Pregnancy can also be prevented when it is actually already too late – with the morning-after pill. However, it is important to act quickly. The sooner it is taken after unprotected sexual intercourse, the higher the degree of effectiveness. What is the “morning-after pill”? The morning-after pill is a hormone preparation. One or two tablets … Morning-after Pill: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products Dienogest is commercially available in many countries as a fixed combination with estradiol valerate in tablet form (Qlaira). Furthermore, a monopreparation for endometriosis therapy is available (Visanne, see under Dienogest Endometriosis). The fixed combination with ethinyl estradiol (Valette, generic) was approved in many countries in 2014. Dienogest + estradiol Qlaira has been on the … Dienogest
Hormone replacement involves compensating for a hormone deficiency by administering synthetic or natural hormones. It is irrelevant whether the deficiency is absolute or relative. A synonym for hormone replacement is hormone replacement therapy. What is hormone replacement? Hormone replacement is the process of compensating for a hormone deficiency by administering synthetic or natural hormones. Hormone … Hormone Replacement: Treatment, Effects & Risks
Lactation is a natural process of the female body. In this process, milk is produced in the glandular tissue of the breast and released through the nipple. This process is also called lactation and is usually without complications. What is lactation? Milk formation is a natural process of the female body. In this process, milk … Lactation: Function, Task & Diseases
The female hormone system is determined by a regulatory circuit consisting of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland (hypophysis) and the ovaries (ovaries). The female ovaries are the central organ for the production of the female sex hormones estradiol and progesterone as well as for female fertility. Only a functioning interaction between the ovaries, the hypothalamus, the … Hormones in women
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) GnRH is delivered pulsatile, i.e. rhythmically, every 60-120 minutes by the hypothalamus and causes LH and FSH to be produced and released from the frontal lobe of the pituitary gland. Due to this mechanism, GnRH is considered to be one of the stimulating (“releasing”) hormones of the hypothalamus. The measurement of … Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) | Hormones in women
Male sex hormones (androgens) The control hormone LH from the front lobe of the pituitary gland stimulates the production of androgens (male sex hormones) in the 1st half of the female cycle. Under the influence of another control hormone from the front lobe of the pituitary gland, the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), these are converted … Male sex hormones (androgens) | Hormones in women
Estrogens Oestrogens, which belong to the class of female sex hormones, include oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2) and oestriol (E3). These three estrogens differ in their biological activity. Estron (E1) has about 30% and estriol (E3) only about 10% of the biological activity of estradiol. Thus, estradiol (E2) is the most important estrogenic hormone. In addition … Estrogens | Hormones in women
Progesterone After ovulation, which is triggered by a rapid increase in LH, the so-called “LH peak”, the corpus luteum produces progesterone. The corpus luteum is formed from the ovarian follicle after ovulation. In non-pregnant women, unlike estrogens, progesterone is produced exclusively in the ovaries. During pregnancy, progesterone is produced in much higher quantities by the … Progesterone | Hormones in women
Inhibin Inhibin belongs to the class of proteohormones, i.e. it has a protein structure (protein = egg white). In women it is produced in certain cells of the ovaries, the so-called granulosa cells, and in men in the testicles. Inhibin is responsible for inhibiting the release of FSH from the frontal lobe of the pituitary … Inhibin | Hormones in women
Prolactin Prolactin is produced in cells of the front lobe of the pituitary gland. During pregnancy, prolactin prepares the female mammary gland for the approaching production of milk. Together with estrogens and progesterone, it stimulates the differentiation of the mammary gland tissue during this period. However, the high concentrations of estrogens and progesterone present during … Prolactin | Hormones in women
