Definition – What are chromosomes? The genetic material of a cell is stored in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and its bases (adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine). In all eukaryotic cells (animals, plants, fungi) this is present in the cell nucleus in the form of chromosomes. A chromosome consists of a single, coherent DNA … Chromosomes
What functions do the chromosomes have? The chromosome, as the organizational unit of our genetic material, serves primarily to ensure an even distribution of the duplicated genetic material to the daughter cells during cell division. For this purpose, it is worthwhile to take a closer look at the mechanisms of cell division or the cell … What functions do the chromosomes have? | Chromosomes
What is the normal set of chromosomes in humans? Human cells have 22 sex-independent chromosome pairs (autosomes) and two sex chromosomes (gonosomes), so a total of 46 chromosomes make up one set of chromosomes. Autosomes are usually present in pairs. The chromosomes of a pair are similar in shape and sequence of the genes and … What is the normal set of chromosomes in humans? | Chromosomes
What is a chromosomal aberration? The structural chromosomal aberration basically corresponds to the definition of chromosomal mutation (see above). If the amount of genetic material remains the same and is only distributed differently, this is called a balanced aberration. This is often done by translocation, i.e. the transfer of a chromosome segment to another chromosome. … What is a chromosomal aberration? | Chromosomes
What is a chromosome analysis? Chromosomal analysis is a cytogenetic method used to detect numerical or structural chromosomal aberrations. Such an analysis would be used, for example, in cases of immediate suspicion of a chromosomal syndrome, i.e. malformations (dysmorphies) or mental retardation (retardation), but also in infertility, regular miscarriages (abortions) and also certain types of … What is a chromosome analysis? | Chromosomes
Definition Telomeres are part of every DNA. They are located at the ends of chromosomes and in no case code for genes. Unlike the rest of the chromosome, telomeres do not have double-stranded DNA. They are present as a single strand. In contrast to the rest of the DNA, they also do not exhibit a … Telomeres
Diseases of the telomeres Diseases of the telomeres can have serious consequences. In most cases, such subsequent effects are caused by damage to the DNA coding for proteins. Telomere disease is most often caused by a deficiency in the protein complexes (shelterins) that surround the telomeres, or in the enzyme telomerase. This promotes a disturbance … Diseases of the telomeres | Telomeres
What role do they play in the development of cancer? Telomeres can also play an essential role in the development of cancer. More often, however, the cause of cancer is a mutation within the DNA strand. However, shortening plays a role in the development of cancer as it does in aging. In the context of … What role do they play in the development of cancer? | Telomeres
Can the telomeres be influenced by nutrition? Among some doctors and researchers, it is considered proven that nutrition influences the telomeres. Several studies have already been carried out on this, but some of them are controversial. A healthy diet should increase the activity of telomerase, so that the shortening of the telomeres during cell division … Can the telomeres be influenced by nutrition? | Telomeres
