Products
Furosemide is commercially available in the form of tablets, sustained-release capsules, and as a solution for injection (Lasix, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1964 and is also used in fixed combination with the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone (Lasilactone, generic).
Structure and properties
Furosemide (C12H11ClN2O5S, Mr = 330.7 g/mol) exists as a white, crystalline, and odorless powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is present in the solution for injection as furosemide sodium. Furosemide is a sulfonamide, anthranilic acid, and a furan derivative.
Effects
Furosemide (ATC C03CA01) has diuretic (diuretic) properties. It is short, potent, and rapidly acting with a half-life of about one hour. Its effects are due to inhibition of Na+/K+/2Cl–-Cotransporter at the ascending thick branch of the loop of Henle of the nephron. This promotes excretion of electrolytes and water at the kidney.
Indications
Furosemide is administered to treat edema of various causes, high blood pressure, renal insufficiency, and poisoning, among other conditions.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. The tablets are usually taken in the morning and fasting.
Abuse
Furosemide is abused in sports as a doping (masking) agent.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity (also to sulfonamides).
- Renal failure
- Hepatic coma
- Severe hypokalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypovolemia
- Dehydration
- Lactation
Full precautions and drug-drug interactions information can be found in the drug label. Furosemide has a high potential for interaction.
Adverse effects
The most common potential adverse effects include low blood pressure, disturbances in water and electrolyte balance, and metabolic disturbances. Other possible adverse effects include skin reactions, blood count disturbances, allergic reactions, and digestive problems.
