Products Thiazide diuretics are commercially available in tablet form. Chlorothiazide (Diuril) and the closely related and more potent hydrochlorothiazide were the first of this group to enter the market in the 1950s (Switzerland: Esidrex, 1958). However, other related thiazide-like diuretics are available (see below). In English, we speak of (thiazide diuretics) and (thiazide-like diuretics). Numerous … Thiazide Diuretics
Effects Carboanhydrase inhibitors on the one hand weakly diuretic, on the other hand lower intraocular pressure. Mechanism of action Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body decreases aqueous humor secretion. This results in a decrease in intraocular pressure. Indications Glaucoma, ocular hypertension Prophylaxis of altitude sickness Other indications: Oedema, cerebral … Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Products Canrenone is commercially available as an injectable (Soldactone). It has been approved in many countries since 1975. Structure and properties Canrenone (C22H28O3, Mr = 340.5 g/mol) is an active metabolite of spironolactone (aldactone) and, unlike the latter, is soluble in water. Canrenone is present in drugs as potassium canrenoate, the potassium salt of canrenoic … Canrenon
Products Amiloride is sold exclusively in fixed combination with the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide in tablet form. The original Moduretic is no longer available in many countries, but generics are available. Structure and properties Amiloride is present in drugs as amiloride hydrochloride (C6H9Cl2N7O – 2 H2O, Mr = 302.1 g/mol) is present, a pale yellow to greenish … Amiloride
Products Clopamide was commercially available in tablet form and exclusively in combination with other agents (Brinerdin, Viskaldix, off label). Structure and properties Clopamide (C14H20ClN3O3S, Mr = 345.8 g/mol) is a sulfonamide derivative. Effects Clopamide (ATC C03BA03) has diuretic and antihypertensive properties. It promotes excretion of water and sodium by inhibiting reabsorption. Indications In combination preparations: … Clopamide
Products Torasemide is commercially available in tablet form (Torem, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1993. Structure and properties Torasemide (C16H20N4O3S, Mr = 348.4 g/mol) exists as a white powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is a pyridine-sulfonylurea derivative. Torasemide differs structurally from its precursor furosemide (Lasix, generics), a sulfonamide. … Torasemide
Products Hydrochlorothiazide is commercially available in numerous antihypertensive agents in combination with ACE inhibitors, sartans, renin inhibitors, potassium-sparing diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and beta blockers. Use as a monopreparation (Esidrex) is less common. Hydrochlorothiazide has been approved in many countries since 1958. Structure and properties Hydrochlorothiazide (C7H8ClN3O4S2, Mr = 297.7 g/mol) is a white crystalline … Hydrochlorothiazide
Effects Diuretic Potassium retaining Mechanism of action Blockade of sodium channels in the collecting tube of the nephron. Agents See under: Aldosterone antagonists, e.g., spironolactone. Amiloride Triamterene (out of commerce)
Products Xipamide is not currently registered or commercially available in many countries. In Germany and Austria, it is available in tablet form (Aquaphor, Aquaphoril, generics). Structure and properties Xipamide (C15H15ClN2O4S, Mr = 354.8 g/mol) has a sulfonamide structure and is structurally related to the thiazides, but acts from the blood side. It exists as a … Xipamide
Products Drugs containing triamterene are no longer on the market in many countries. Triamterene was included in Diucomb, Diuricomplex, Dyazide, Dyrenium, and Dyrenium compositum, capsules (+ benzthiazide). Structure and properties Triamterene (C12H11N7, Mr = 253.3 g/mol) Effects Triamterene (ATC C03DB02) is diuretic by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule. Indications Oedema, arterial hypertension.
Products Furosemide is commercially available in the form of tablets, sustained-release capsules, and as a solution for injection (Lasix, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1964 and is also used in fixed combination with the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone (Lasilactone, generic). Structure and properties Furosemide (C12H11ClN2O5S, Mr = 330.7 g/mol) exists as a … Furosemide: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Piretanide is commercially available in tablet form (Trialix + ramipril). It has been approved in many countries since 1985. In many countries, only the fixed combination with the ACE inhibitor ramipril is currently available. Structure and properties Piretanide (C17H18N2O5S, Mr = 362.40 g/mol) has structural similarities to other loop diuretics and is a sulfonamide. … Piretanide
