Products
Maltitol is available as a pure substance in specialty stores. It is found in numerous processed products.
Structure and properties
Maltitol (C12H24O11, Mr = 344.3 g/mol) is a polyol and a sugar alcohol derived from the disaccharide maltose, which is derived from starch. It exists as a white crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water. Maltitol consists of glucose and sorbitol, which are covalently bonded to each other. Maltitol syrup (maltitol solution PhEur, maltitolum liquidum) is also used. This is a mixture of maltitol, sorbitol and hydrogenated oligo- and polysaccharides. Maltitol syrup exists as a colorless, odorless, clear, viscous liquid that is also highly soluble in water.
Effects
Maltitol has a sweet taste. It is slightly less sweet than table sugar (factor of 0.7) and is not cariogenic. The caloric value is lower than that of sucrose:
- Sucrose: 4.0 kcal/g
- Maltitol: 2.4 kcal/g
In addition, the sugar is absorbed more slowly in the intestine. However, maltitol is not completely calorie-free like other sweeteners.
Areas of application
- As a sweetener for food, cosmetics, medicines, sweets and chocolate. Maltitol is often contained in chewing gum.
- As a humectant, stabilizer and bulking agent; as a pharmaceutical excipient.
Dosage
Unlike other sweeteners, a volume comparable to that of sugar is required.
Adverse effects
Maltitol is considered tolerable (GRAS). It may have a laxative effect in high doses (food intolerance).
