Associated symptoms
The external force and crushing of the tissue causes the surrounding blood vessels to burst. The destroyed blood vessels cause massive bleeding, which can also spread into the tissue and a hematoma is formed. This haematoma usually manifests itself as a bluish stain under the skin.
If, for example, the finger is pinched in the window, it can cause swelling and bruising under the nail bed, a so-called subungal hematoma (under the nail). Patients also often complain of severe pain and high sensitivity to touch. Since the skin contains many nerves, sensory disturbances can also occur. Depending on the location of the wound, movement may also be restricted.
Complications of a crush wound
Depending on the size of the crush wound, there is a high risk of infection. In the event of injuries with equipment, tools or in traffic accidents, bacteria can enter the wound and infect it. In addition, the bruise is a good breeding ground for bacteria.
Extensive cleansing and disinfection are therefore very important when treating crush injuries. Furthermore, neighbouring structures such as tendons and muscles can be injured and lead to movement restrictions and sensory disturbances. In the case of a crush wound on the finger, which results in the formation of a subungal hematoma, the nail can become detached from the nail bed as the nail progresses.
In the case of very large and severe crush injuries, parts of the tissue can die off and form so-called necroses. In the worst case, amputation may be necessary. An infection with tetanus is also a complication, which is why sufficient vaccination protection should always be provided. Larger bruises on the lower leg can lead to compartment syndrome.Infection with bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens can lead to life-threatening gas fire.
Treatment/Therapy
In the case of minor crush injuries that occur during housework or sports, acute treatment can provide rapid relief. It is important to cool the wound immediately to relieve pain and counteract swelling. In addition, an ointment bandage with Betaisadonna or Voltaren can help with healing.
The body area should be protected for a few days. For larger wounds a doctor or the hospital should be consulted in most cases. In the case of heavily bleeding wounds, it is important to stop bleeding first of all to prevent the progression of a hematoma.
This can be treated with strong compression. In the hospital the wound is first cleaned and disinfected to reduce the risk of infection. It is then inspected.
In most cases, bruises are closed so that the wound does not need to be stitched. A sterile wound dressing is usually sufficient. If an infection occurs, the wound must be cleaned and checked regularly. In case of severe infections, antibiotics must be given and sometimes an opening and surgical cleansing under sterile conditions is necessary. If necroses (dead tissue) appear on the wound surfaces, they must be surgically removed immediately.
