Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Osteodensitometry (bone density measurement) – for suspected osteoporosis (bone loss).
- X-ray of the affected body region
- Computed tomography (CT; sectional imaging procedure (X-ray images from different directions with computer-based evaluation), particularly well suited for the depiction of bony injuries) of the affected body region – in the case of unclear findings in the conventional X-ray examination.
- Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI; computer-based cross-sectional imaging method (using magnetic fields, that is, without X-rays); particularly well suited for the representation of soft tissue injuries) – in the case of unclear findings in the conventional X-ray examination.
- Skeletal scintigraphy (nuclear medicine procedure that can represent functional changes in the skeletal system, in which regionally (locally) pathologically (pathologically) increased or decreased bone remodeling processes are present) – if bone metastases are suspected.
- Renal sonography (ultrasound examination of the kidneys) – if rickets is suspected.
- Sonography (ultrasound examination)/radionucleotide scintigraphy – if hyperparathyroidism is suspected; if necessary, thoracic and abdominal CT (abdominal CT; thoracic CT)/MRI (abdominal MRI; thoracic MRI) – if thoracic adenoma is suspected.
