Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps:

• General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further:
  • Inspection (viewing).
    • Skin and mucous membranes
  • Auscultation (listening) of the heart [due topossible secondary diseases: see there].
  • Auscultation of the lungs
  • Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (abdomen), etc.
• ENT examination – including epipharyngoscopy (nasopharyngoscopy) and laryngoscopy (laryngoscopy) [due todifferential diagnosis obstructive sleep apnea syndrome:
  • Laryngeal stenosis – narrowing of the larynx.
  • Nasal septum deviation – curvature of the nasal septum.
  • Rhinitis (rhinitis) with restricted nasal breathing.
  • Tumors in the nasopharynx
  • Tonsillar hyperplasia – enlargement of the palatine tonsils]
• Health check

Square brackets [ ] indicate possible pathological (pathological) physical findings.