Products
Clindamycin is commercially available in several dosage forms. This article refers to oral administration with capsules (Dalacin C, generics). Clindamycin has been approved in many countries since 1970.
Structure and properties
Clindamycin (C18H33ClN2O5S, Mr = 425.0 g/mol) is a semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin obtained from (7-chloro-7-deoxy-lincomycin). In the capsules, the active ingredient is present as clindamycin hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is very soluble in water. Clindamycin is biotransformed to active metabolites.
Effects
Clindamycin (ATC J01FF01) has bacteriostatic to bactericidal properties against Gram-positive aerobic and Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Target pathogens include, for example, streptococci, staphylococci, chlamydiae, bacteroides, pneumococci, and propionibacteria (selection). The effects are based on inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Clindamycin has a short half-life of 1.5 to 3.5 hours. In combination with other agents, it has also been shown to be effective in parasitic diseases involving protozoa such as toxoplasmosis, babesiosis, and malaria, as well as in fungal diseases (Pneumocystis pneumonia).
Indications
For the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases with susceptible pathogens. Indications also include selected parasitic diseases and fungal infections (toxoplasmosis encephalitis, Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with AIDS).
Dosage
According to the SmPC. Capsules are usually taken three to four times daily, regardless of meals. A large glass of water should be drunk with it to prevent irritation of the esophagus. Due to the side effects regarding the intestinal flora, we recommend the accompanying and subsequent intake of a probiotic.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity, including to lincomycin
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Clindamycin is a substrate of CYP3A and corresponding interactions are possible. Other interactions have been described with neuromuscular inhibitors, vitamin K antagonists, contraceptives, and erythromycin.
Adverse effects
The most common potential adverse effects include diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, abdominal pain, and rash.
