Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Breast ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of the breast; breast ultrasound) using a high-resolution linear transducer – for sizing and follow-up [differentiation of glandular and adipose tissue]Note:
- In the case of pubertal gynecomastia, further investigations are indicated only if the glandular body is growing rapidly and/or is > 4 cm in diameter and there is evidence of comorbidities (concomitant diseases).
- If a malignant (malignant) tumor is suspected or sonographically unclear findings, a fine needle biopsy (fine needle aspiration) for histological (fine tissue) clarification is indicated.
- Mammography (X-ray examination of the breast) or computed tomography (CT; sectional imaging procedure (X-ray images from different directions with computer-based evaluation)) of the mamma (breast) – if neoplasms are suspected [Routine imaging in gynecomastia is not recommended, the likelihood of encountering an incidental carcinoma (incidental carcinoma) is negligible (1)]
- Scrotal sonography/sonography (ultrasound examination) of the scrotal contents (testis and epididymis) – if testicular tumor is suspected.
- Computed tomography of the thorax/chest (thoracic CT) and abdomen (abdominal CT) – for staging in testicular cancer (testicular cancer).
- X-ray of the thorax (X-ray thorax/chest), in two planes – for suspected bronchial carcinoma.
