There is no obligatory medical device diagnosis. Depending on the clinical symptoms, different diagnostic methods (neurophysiological and possibly imaging methods, e.g., if temporal lobe epilepsy is suspected) can be used.
Within the framework of micronutrient medicine (vital substances), the following vital substances (micronutrients) are used for supportive therapy: Magnesium The above vital substance recommendations (micronutrients) were created with the help of medical experts. All statements are supported by scientific studies with high levels of evidence. For a therapy recommendation, only clinical studies with the highest … Anxiety Disorders: Micronutrient Therapy
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate an anxiety disorder (symptomatology must be primary manifestation of anxiety): Anxiety without a real threat Occurrence mainly of physical symptoms such as: Headache Visual disturbances/dizziness Angina pectoris (“chest tightness”; sudden onset of pain in the heart area), palpitations (heart pounding) Sweating (possibly including night sweats / night sweats), … Anxiety Disorders: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) The pathogenesis of anxiety disorders is not yet clear. It is thought to be multifactorial in origin, with social influences playing a role in addition to genetic ones. Traumatic life experiences, malconditioning, and neurobiologic dysfunction are discussed as possible etiologic factors. Furthermore, a lowered arousal threshold of the limbic system with … Anxiety Disorders: Causes
General measures Limited alcohol consumption (men: max. 25 g alcohol per day; women: max. 12 g alcohol per day); if necessary, alcohol restriction (abstaining from alcohol) insofar as there was previous alcohol abuse Limited caffeine consumption (max. 240 mg caffeine per day; this corresponds to 2 to 3 cups of coffee or 4 to 6 … Anxiety Disorders: Therapy
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes [sweating, tremor]. Auscultation (listening) of the heart. Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, knocking pain?, coughing pain?, defensive tension?, hernial orifices?, kidney bearing knocking … Anxiety Disorders: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Differential blood count Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose), oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) if necessary. Thyroid parameters – TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). Carbodeficient transferrin (CDT) ↑ – in chronic alcoholism* . Catecholamines – in suspected pheochromocytoma. * With abstinence, values normalize within 10-14 days.
Therapy target Improvement of the symptomatology Therapy recommendations Psychotherapy or psychopharmacotherapy or a combination of both. Psychopharmacotherapy First-line agents: citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs); duloxetine, venlafaxine (selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, SSNRIs). Second-line agents: clomipramine, imipramine (tricyclic antidepressants); buspirone (benzodiazepine-like substances), hydroxyzine (anxiolytics/drugs that have an antianxiety effect), pregabalin (new antiepileptic drugs). … Anxiety Disorders: Drug Therapy
The medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of anxiety disorder. Family history What is the general health of your family members? Are there any mental illnesses in your family? Social history Is there any evidence of psychosocial stress or strain due to your family situation? How does your environment … Anxiety Disorders: Medical History
Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99). Organic anxiety disorders; e.g.: Alzheimer’s dementia – worsening anxiety disorder in the elderly could be indicative of developing Alzheimer’s dementia Primary anxiety disorders Psychiatric anxiety disorders Medication See “Causes” under medications
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be co-morbid due to anxiety disorders: Factors affecting health status and leading to health care utilization (Z00-Z99). Suicide (suicide) Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Coronary heart disease/ischemic heart disease (IHD; ischemic heart disease); incidence: 3% of individuals without anxiety disorder vs. 6.1% … Anxiety Disorders: Follow-up
Definition/clinical symptoms of anxiety disorders according to ICD-10. Anxiety disorder Definition/Clinic Agoraphobia (F40.0-) Phobias, with fears of leaving the house, entering stores, being in crowds and public places, traveling alone by train, bus, or plane. Panic disorder occurs as a common feature in present or past episodes. Depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and social phobias are … Anxiety Disorders: Classification
