Synonyms Cerebrospinal fluid Medical: Cerebrospinal fluid Definition The cerebrospinal fluid (liquor cerebrospinalis), also known as cerebrospinal fluid, is an endogenous fluid that is largely formed in the chambers (ventricles) of the brain by specialized vascular plexuses, the so-called plexus choroidei. It is formed by filtering the blood. The human body has about 100-150 ml of … Spinal fluid
Composition Normally the CSF/spinal fluid is clear and colorless, so that it resembles water in appearance. It contains very few cells, about 0-3 or 4 per μl. In the newborn, this number can be about twice as high. Mainly leukocytes are found in the cerebrospinal fluid, among them mainly lymphocytes, i.e. immune cells. Less frequently, … Composition | Spinal fluid
Increased cerebral pressure An increase in intracranial pressure may be congenital or acquired. The causes can also be different, either the drainage of the nerve water is disturbed or increased production occurs. Due to the excess of nerve water, there is not enough space in the so-called ventricles of the brain and the brain mass … Increased cerebral pressure | Spinal fluid
Synonym Medical: Cerebellum (lat.) Nucleus dentatus Nucleus emboliformis Nucleus globosus Nucleus fastigii Another anatomically distinct area of the cerebellum is the so-called cerebellar tonsils. Although they are not functionally significant (at least no particular function has been attributed to them so far), they do play an important role in everyday clinical practice. This is for … Cerebellum
Synonyms in the broadest sense Telencephalon, cerebrum, endbrain. Introduction The cerebrum with its enormous mass grows in humans the diencephalon, parts of the brain stem and cerebellum. As a total product, amazing abilities such as logical thinking, the own consciousness, emotions, memory and various learning processes develop. Also of highly practical importance are precise movements … Cerebrum
Smell bark At the base of the frontal lobe there are also phylogenetic components (olfactory cortex, paleocortex and archicortex), which are dedicated to the sense of smell (olfactory sense). Presumably, the olfactory sensations come into consciousness in the so-called “primary olfactory cortex” (prepiriform cortex, which is also located to a lesser extent in the temporal … Smell bark | Cerebrum
Auditory cortex In the occipital lobe, the tremendously complex sense of sight (visual sense) is cortically represented. The visual pathway starts at the sensory cells of the retina and runs as the II cranial nerve (optic nerve) via several intermediate stations to the primary visual cortex (visual cortex). This represents, in the simple representation of … Auditory cortex | Cerebrum
Limbic system If a knife is inserted into the interhemispheric fissure (fissura longitudinalis cerebri) and cut in the direction of the brain stem (median section), numerous structures are visible which are attributed to the limbic system (limbic). It deals with emotions as well as with instinctive and intellectual behavior. Rather primitive achievements such as affective … Limbic system | Cerebrum
Basal Ganglia Finally, we now cut the cerebrum not with the length of the interhemispheric cleft, but rather in the middle of it transversely parallel to the forehead (frontal cut). In this incision, too, it is noticeable that some grey matter is embedded in the white matter of the cerebrum, which therefore does not belong … Basal Ganglia | Cerebrum
Common diseases Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, as well as strokes, headaches, epilepsy and brain tumors occur comparatively frequently. In our modern society, depressions, psychoses such as schizophrenia and addictions are on the rise. Other diseases or consequences of diseases of the cerebrum are Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Amyothrophic lateral sclerosis … Common diseases | Cerebrum
Therapy If there is an underlying disease (in the symptomatic form), it should be treated first.Depending on the cause, (additional) specific, individually oriented measures are recommended. Studies on the effectiveness of a drug treatment of the various complaints have not yet been scientifically completed. In one study, success was observed in the treatment of ataxias … Therapy | Cerebellar atrophy
History The course of atrophy of the cerebellum is individual and there is no cure. However, the progression of the disease can be delayed by appropriate lifestyle. In the case of alcohol-induced cerebellar atrophy, this includes, for example, abstinence from alcohol, the addition of missing vitamins and treatment of the alcohol-related disease. Active participation in … History | Cerebellar atrophy
