Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of jaundice (jaundice). Family history Is there a history of frequent liver/gallbladder disease in your family? Are there any hereditary diseases in your family (e.g. Meulengracht’s disease, Wilson’s disease, etc.)? Social history What is your profession? Are you exposed to harmful working substances … Jaundice (Icterus): Medical History
Diseases that may cause prehepatic jaundice: Blood, hematopoietic organs-immune system (D50-D90). Hemolytic anemias (anemia) such as spherocytosis (spherocytic cell anemia) or sickle cell anemia (med. : drepanocytosis; also sickle cell anemia, sickle cell anemia): genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance, which affects the erythrocytes (red blood cells); it belongs to the group of hemoglobinopathies (disorders … Jaundice (Icterus): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing): Skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (white part of eye)* [yellowing of skin and mucous membranes, most likely seen in sclerae] Abdomen (abdomen): Shape of the abdomen? … Jaundice (Icterus): Examination
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of abdominal organs) [stones, primary tumors, metastases (daughter tumors)] Liver and gallbladder (liver sonography). Pancreas (pancreas; pancreatic sonography). Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. Computed tomography (CT) … Jaundice (Icterus): Diagnostic Tests
The following symptoms and complaints may occur together with jaundice (jaundice): Pathognomonic (characteristic of a disease). Yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes – most likely seen in the sclerae (sclera of the eye); yellowing also affects the internal organs and body fluids Icterus is visible as: Scleral icterus: bilirubin concentration of 2 mg/dl. Skin … Jaundice (Icterus): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) Icterus results from a marked elevation of bilirubin levels in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). Physiological (“natural”) is a daily bilirubin synthesis of circa 300 mg, mainly in the liver and spleen by the breakdown of hemoglobin (80%). Bilirubin is insoluble in water and thus neither excreted in bile nor urinated. In the … Jaundice (Icterus): Causes
Therapy for jaundice (jaundice) depends on the cause. General measures Limited alcohol consumption (men: max. 25 g alcohol per day; women: max. 12 g alcohol per day). Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on the existing disease. Avoidance of environmental stress: Phenol exposure Mushroom poisoning Regular checkups Regular medical checkups Nutritional medicine Nutritional counseling … Jaundice (Icterus): Therapy