Apnea

Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Examination

In the setting of respiratory arrest, ventilation must be performed immediately. Because cardiovascular arrest is usually also present, cardio-pulmonary resuscitation must be performed. A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white … Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Examination

Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Test and Diagnosis

Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or PCT (procalcitonin). Potassium Fasting glucose (fasting blood sugar) Blood gas analysis (BGA) Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending on the results of the history, physical examination and mandatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification. … Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Test and Diagnosis

Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Drug Therapy

Therapeutic target Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Therapy recommendationsActive ingredients (main indication) Active ingredient groups Active ingredients Special features Oxygen Oxygen As much and as early as possible Sympathomimetics Epinephrine Standard vasopressorIn case of asystole (cardiac arrest)/PEA (pulseless electrical activity) administration as soon as possible! First-line therapy: treatment of cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation … Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Drug Therapy

Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Diagnostic Tests

Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Electrocardiography (ECG). X-ray of the thorax (X-ray thorax), in two planes [images all injuries in blunt trauma/injury to the thorax only 29% of the time] Thoracic sonography – imaging of the intrathoracic organs (excl. the heart) by ultrasound. Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical … Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Diagnostic Tests

Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may occur together with apnea (cessation of breathing): Leading symptoms Apnea (= no breathing movements visible, no breathing audible, no air movements perceptible via mouth/nose). Pale skin/cyanotic (purple to bluish discoloration) skin. The following symptoms usually precede respiratory arrest: Bradypnea – pathologically slowed breathing (< 10 breaths per minute). Dyspnea … Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Therapy

Resuscitation (resuscitation) First aid for cardiac arrest, ie, attempt of resuscitation by the first responder before the arrival of emergency physicians has a major impact on the chance of survival. According to one study, patients with attempted resuscitation by first responders were still alive after 30 days in 10.5% of cases, whereas patients without attempted … Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Therapy

Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Medical History

Medical history (history of the patient) represents an important component in the diagnosis of respiratory disorders. If necessary, an interview with relatives is performed because of the patient’s condition. Family history Social history What is the patient’s occupation? Is the patient exposed to harmful agents in his profession? Current anamnesis/systemic anamnesis (somatic and psychological complaints). … Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Medical History

Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96). Immaturity of the respiratory center, unspecified. Respiratory system (J00-J99) Obstruction of the airway, such as glottic edema (swelling of the laryngeal lid). Pulmonary edema (accumulation of water in the lungs). Pneumothorax – air in the gap between the lung and pleura where there is normally no air; … Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis