Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Spirometry (basic examination in the context of pulmonary function diagnostics) – belongs to the initial diagnostics/stage 1 to confirm the diagnosis as well as to monitor the course [bronchial asthma: Evidence of obstruction (narrowing or obstruction of the airways): FEV1 (expiratory one-second capacity or forced expiratory volume) decreased and FEV 1 … Bronchial Asthma: Diagnostic Tests
Within the framework of micronutrient medicine (vital substances), the following vital substances (micronutrients) are used for the prevention (prophylaxis) of bronchial asthma: Vitamin C Vitamin B6 Magnesium Hesperitin and naringenin In the context of micronutrient medicine (vital substances), the following vital substances (macronutrients) are used for supportive therapy of bronchial asthma: Omega-3 fatty acids – … Bronchial Asthma: Micronutrient Therapy
To prevent bronchial asthma, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet High intake of fat, sugar, and salt; high prevalence (disease incidence) of severe bronchial asthma Micronutrient deficiency (vital substances) – see prevention with micronutrients. Consumption of stimulants Tobacco (smoking) A link between smoking and asthma can be demonstrated … Bronchial Asthma: Prevention
Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99). Congenital malformations of the lungs, unspecified. Respiratory system (J00-J99) Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (BIB; bronchoconstriction); common in children; symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest tightness, whistling breathing (“wheezing”), or coughing during or after exercise (develop within 15 min of exercise and resolve within 1 h); more than one-third of … Bronchial Asthma: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by bronchial asthma: Respiratory system (J00-J99) Bronchiectasis (synonym: bronchiectasis)-permanent irreversible saccular or cylindrical dilatation of the bronchi (medium-sized airways) that may be congenital or acquired; symptoms: chronic cough with “mouthful expectoration” (large-volume triple-layered sputum: foam, mucus, and pus), fatigue, weight loss, … Bronchial Asthma: Complications
Classification of bronchial asthma according to severity levels. Severity levels Symptoms during the day Symptoms at night Lung function 1: Intermittent ≤ 2 x/week ≤ 2 x/month FEV1 or PEF≥ 80% of targetPEF variability < 20%. 2: Persistent, mild <1 x/d > 2 x/month FEV1 or PEF≥ 80% of targetPEF variability 20-30%. 3: Persistent, moderate … Bronchial Asthma: Classification
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing) [central cyanosis (blue coloration of skin and mucous membranes/tongue)] Skin and mucous membranes In children: Increase in sagittal thoracic diameter (chest diameter from front to back) with hyperinflation. Thoracic … Bronchial Asthma: Examination
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count (due toleukocytes/white blood cells) or CRP (C-reactive protein) – for inflammation diagnosis. Differential blood count: determination of absolute eosinophil count [eosinophilia// eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma: supports the diagnosis of bronchial asthma; COPD: usually low, eosinophilia may be present in the exacerbation phase] … Bronchial Asthma: Test and Diagnosis
Typical is the occurrence of the so-called asthma triad, consisting of: Bronchospasm – spasm of the bronchi with associated increase in bronchial musculature. Mucosal swelling with infiltration of so-called eosinophilic granulocytes. Dyscrinia – thickening of the bronchial mucus. Other complaints may include: Dyspnea – shortness of breath, shortness of breath, possibly forcing to sit up … Bronchial Asthma: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) Asthma is mainly a disease of the bronchi – the airways that connect the trachea to the lungs. The bronchi are surrounded by smooth muscle tissue. Furthermore, the bronchial walls contain mucus-producing glands and cells of the immune system such as mast cells, lymphocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes. When these are activated, … Bronchial Asthma: Causes
General measures Sitting, calming, slow breathing. Severe asthma attack: inpatient treatment; in the emergency ambulance beginning therapy (see below drug therapy). Self-help during an asthma attack Breathing facilitating posture: while doing this, the patient sits down, bends her upper body forward and rests her forearms on her thighs; breathing in and out calmly. Lip brake … Bronchial Asthma: Therapy
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma. Family history What is the general health of your family members? Are there any respiratory diseases in your family that are common? Social history What is your profession? Are you exposed to harmful working substances in your profession? Current medical … Bronchial Asthma: Medical History