How benzoyl peroxide works
Benzoyl peroxide is a so-called lipophilic (fat-soluble) peroxide. Due to its liposolubility, the active ingredient is easily absorbed into the skin, where it releases reactive oxygen radicals. These impart antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, comedolytic (dissolving blackheads) and keratolytic (exfoliating) effects.
A predisposition to this can lead to increased formation of blackheads (comedones), particularly during puberty. Due to hormonal fluctuations, the skin is then particularly sensitive to certain sex hormones.
This leads to increased sebum and sweat production, which clogs the pores. Colonization with bacteria and mild inflammatory processes result in the formation of pustules and papules, which should be treated with medication to prevent scarring later on.
Benzoyl peroxide is quickly broken down into oxygen after application to the skin. The increase in the amount of oxygen in the upper layers of the skin ensures that the number of bacteria is reduced by disrupting the bacterial metabolism.
Initially, there is often an aggravated inflammatory reaction (so-called “blossoming” of acne). However, this is then followed by so-called “comedolysis” – the blackheads detach from the skin and the complexion is significantly improved.
When applied to the skin, the active ingredient is practically not absorbed into the blood, as it is immediately converted to oxygen by the influence of light.
When is benzoyl peroxide used?
Benzoyl peroxide is used for various types of acne. In lower concentrations, benzoyl peroxide products are used on the face, in higher concentrations on the back and chest.
How benzoyl peroxide is used
Benzoyl peroxide is usually applied to the affected areas of skin once or twice a day in the form of creams, gels or ointments. The duration of application varies from a few weeks to months. The concentration of active ingredient in the ointments can be adjusted depending on tolerance and effectiveness. Concentrations of between three and ten percent are common.
Benzoyl peroxide is often combined with other active ingredients. A useful combination is, for example, with agents against fungal diseases, which can occur in parallel with bacterial colonization.
What are the side effects of benzoyl peroxide?
During application, the skin’s increased sensitivity to UV light (e.g. sunlight) must be taken into account.
What must be observed when using benzoyl peroxide?
No other irritating agents should be used on the skin during treatment with benzoyl peroxide. Experts also recommend avoiding extensive sunbathing.
Contraindications
Benzoyl peroxide cream, ointment etc. must not be applied to mucous membranes, open wounds or the eye. If such areas accidentally come into contact with the active ingredient, they must be rinsed off immediately with plenty of water.
Interactions
There are no known interactions with other medications.
Age restriction
Acne occurs at the earliest with the onset of puberty. Many preparations containing benzoyl peroxide are therefore approved for use from the age of twelve.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
There are no safety concerns regarding the effects of locally applied benzoyl peroxide on the fetus. Due to a lack of data, the doctor will always weigh up the benefits of treatment against the potential risks before using medication with benzoyl peroxide during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
How to obtain medication with benzoyl peroxide
How long has benzoyl peroxide been known?
Benzoyl peroxide has been known as an acne treatment for a relatively long time. As a conversion product of benzoic acid, its disinfectant effect was discovered early on.
Other interesting facts about benzoyl peroxide
When using benzoyl peroxide, contact with colored laundry should be avoided as the active ingredient can bleach it. Benzoyl peroxide can also have a similar bleaching effect on dark hair.
In addition to treatment with benzoyl peroxide, acne should be treated with appropriate skin care. Drying out of the skin is desirable during treatment and should not be compensated for with greasy ointments or creams.
Creams with a high water content are suitable for skin care. Cleansing should be carried out with water and mild soaps. It is also best to use special facial tonics that remove lime residues that can build up on the skin like a veil.
