The European food safety authority (EFSA) last evaluated vitamins and minerals for safety in 2006 and set a so-called Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This UL reflects the maximum safe level of a micronutrient that will not cause adverse effects when taken daily from all sources for … Magnesium: Safety Assessment
Magnesium is an essential cofactor of over 300 enzymatic reactions of intermediary metabolism. By activating most ATP-dependent enzymes, such as kinases, aminopeptidases, nucleotidases, pyruvate oxidases, phosphatases, glutaminases, and carboxypeptidases, the mineral is involved in numerous metabolic processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Magnesium is a component of the following extracellular … Magnesium: Functions
Interactions of magnesium with other agents (micronutrients, foods, drugs): Vitamin D and calcium The active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) may increase intestinal absorption, that is, absorption through the intestine, of magnesium to a small extent. On the other hand, magnesium absorption does not appear to be calcitriol-dependent, unlike the absorption of calcium and phosphate.It … Magnesium: Interactions
Severe magnesium deficiency is extremely rare. The first sign of a deficiency is a serum magnesium level below normal – called hypomagnesemia (magnesium deficiency). Over time, the serum calcium level also begins to drop, even though PTH (parathyroid hormone) rises to compensate for the loss and even though sufficient calcium is ingested with food. Normally, … Magnesium: Symptoms of Deficiency
Groups at risk for deficiency-hypomagnesemia (magnesium deficiency; <0.8 mmol/L)-include individuals with Age >= 65 years (decreased dietary intake, increased renal losses due to increasing incidence of disease-morbidity and increasing use of medications, such as loop diuretics and others. Decreased intakes, for example, malnutrition in chronic alcoholism, parenteral nutrition without adequate magnesium supplementation Intestinal losses and … Magnesium: Risk Groups
In the National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II, 2008), the dietary behavior of the population was investigated for Germany and it was shown how this affects the average daily nutrient intake with macro- and micronutrients (vital substances). The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are used as the basis for … Magnesium: Supply Situation
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, etc.). Furthermore, … Magnesium: Intake
