The European food safety authority (EFSA) last evaluated vitamins and minerals for safety in 2006 and set a so-called Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This UL reflects the maximum safe level of a micronutrient that will not cause adverse effects when taken daily from all sources for … Copper: Safety Assessment
Copper was not included in the National Nutrition Survey II (2008). Regarding the intake of copper in the German population, data exist from the 2004 Nutrition Report of the German Nutrition Society (DGE). These data on copper intake are based on estimates and only reflect the average intake. It is not possible to make statements … Copper: Supply Situation
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, etc.). Furthermore, … Copper: Supply
Copper is an integral component of a number of metalloproteins and is essential for their enzyme function.Its two oxidation states enable the trace element to participate in electron-transferring enzyme reactions. As a cofactor of metalloenzymes, copper plays the role of receiver and donor of electrons and is thus of great importance for oxidation and reduction … Copper: Functions
Clinically apparent copper deficiency is relatively uncommon. Serum copper and its storage form with coeruloplasmin a transport protein can drop to 30% of normal levels before clinical symptoms develop. One of the most common clinical signs of copper deficiency is anemia (anemia) and all the associated symptoms of pallor and fatigue. This form of anemia … Copper: Symptoms of Deficiency
