The European food safety authority (EFSA) last evaluated vitamins and minerals for safety in 2006 and set a so-called Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This UL reflects the maximum safe level of a micronutrient that will not cause adverse effects when taken daily from all sources for … Zinc: Safety Assessment
In the National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II, 2008), the dietary behavior of the population was investigated for Germany and it was shown how this affects the average daily nutrient intake with macro- and micronutrients (vital substances). The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are used as the basis for … Zinc: Supply Situation
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, etc.). Furthermore, … Zinc: Intake
Foods of plant origin are particularly rich in silicon. Foods of animal origin, on the other hand, have low amounts of the trace element. In particular, high levels of silicon – but with poor bioavailability – are found in fiber-containing cereals, such as barley and oats. Beer is also rich in silicon (30-60 mg/l), which … Silicon: Food
The United Kingdom’s Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals (EVM) last assessed vitamins and minerals for safety in 2003 and, where sufficient data were available, set a so-called Safe Upper Level (SUL) or Guidance Level for each micronutrient. This SUL or Guidance Level reflects the safe maximum amount of a micronutrient that will not cause … Silicon: Safety Assessment
No representative intake data exist for silicon intake in the German population.Likewise, there are no recommendations from the DGE for the daily intake of silicon.Therefore, unfortunately, no statement can be made about the supply situation with silicon in the German population.
It has not yet been possible on the part of the DGE to make any statements about the approximate silicon requirement in humans, since the minimum requirement could not even be determined for animals. According to estimates, the human requirement is between 5 and 20 mg per day. Because of uncertainties in absorption, adult silicon … Silicon: Supply
Trace elements (synonym: microelements) are essential (vital) inorganic nutrients that the organism cannot produce itself; they must be supplied with food. In contrast to the bulk elements (minerals), they occur in the human body in mass proportions of less than 50 mg/kg. The most important essential trace elements include: Chromium Cobalt Iron Fluorine Iodine Copper … Trace Elements
Zinc is a chemical element bearing the element symbol Zn. Along with iron, copper, manganese, etc., zinc belongs to the group of transition metals, in which it occupies a special position due to properties similar to alkaline earth metals, such as calcium and magnesium (→ relatively stable electron configuration). In the periodic table, zinc has … Zinc: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution
Zinc-dependent enzyme functions Zinc is one of the most important trace elements due to its ubiquitous participation in the most diverse biological reactions. The essential vital element is a component or cofactor of more than 200 enzymes and proteins known to date. Zinc is relevant for the configuration of non-enzymatic proteins and fulfills structural, regulatory … Zinc: Functions
Interactions of zinc with other micronutrients (vital substances): Folic acid The relationship between folic acid and zinc is controversial: Folate bioavailability may be increased by a zinc-dependent enzyme. In some studies, it was clear that low zinc intake decreased folate absorption; other studies show that supplemental folic acid impaired zinc utilization in individuals with low … Zinc: Interactions
The signs of severe zinc deficiency are Impaired growth and development Delay in sexual maturation Skin rashes Severe chronic diarrhea (diarrhea) Disruption of the immune system Wound healing disorders Loss of appetite Disturbances in the sensation of taste Night blindness Cataract swelling and clouding of the cornea of the eyes Mental disorders Apparently, even a … Zinc: Symptoms of Deficiency
