The anamnesis (medical history) represents an important component in the diagnosis of fallen splayfoot. Family history Are there any conditions in your family that are common? Are there any hereditary diseases in your family? Social history What is your profession? Do you often wear shoes with high heels? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological … Splayfoot (Pes Transversoplanus): Medical History
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99). Rheumatic diseases, unspecified
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Gait pattern (fluid, limping) Body or joint posture (upright, bent, relieving posture). Malpositions (deformities, contractures, shortenings). Muscle atrophies (side comparison!, if necessary circumference measurements). Joint(abrasions/wounds, swelling (tumor), redness (rubor), hyperthermia … Splayfoot (Pes Transversoplanus): Examination
Laboratory diagnosis, taking into account age and concomitant diseases, is required if surgical action is to be taken.
Therapy target Reduction of pain Therapy recommendations Analgesia (analgesia) during diagnosis until definitive therapy according to WHO staging scheme: Non-opioid analgesic (paracetamol, first-line agent). Low-potency opioid analgesic (e.g., tramadol) + non-opioid analgesic. High-potency opioid analgesic (eg, morphine) + non-opioid analgesic. If necessary, anti-inflammatory drugs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs; anti-inflammatory drugs), e.g. acetylsalicylic acid (ASS), ibuprofen. … Splayfoot (Pes Transversoplanus): Drug Therapy
Optional medical device diagnostics depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and obligatory laboratory parameters for differential diagnostic clarification. X-ray examinations are usually indicated for follow-up
In rare cases, surgical therapy becomes necessary. This should be considered if conservative measures have not led to the desired success, the pain is severe or persistent, or there are concomitant toe deformities. The following measures may be considered, depending on the symptoms: Soft tissue intervention for correction at the tendon course. Corrective osteotomy (conversion … Splayfoot (Pes Transversoplanus): Surgical Therapy
To prevent fallen splayfoot, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Low-mobility lifestyle Frequent standing Frequent carrying of heavy loads Immobilization of the feet in the wrong footwear. This often prevents the necessary training stimulus on the foot muscles. Improper footwear frequent wearing of shoes with high heels; the higher … Splayfoot (Pes Transversoplanus): Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate fallen splayfoot: Flattened longitudinal arch of the foot (the arch of the sole of the foot on the inside of the foot in front of the ball of the forefoot is flattened), as well as a worn-through small arch or transverse arch Diverging of the bone rays of … Splayfoot (Pes Transversoplanus): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) The foot consists of many corresponding joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, which together form a functional unit. In the foot, one can distinguish the medial and lateral columns of the foot, as well as the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot. The foot shows a longitudinal arch (rises on the inside of the foot, … Splayfoot (Pes Transversoplanus): Causes
The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by fallen splayfoot: Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99). Discopathy (disc complaints). Heel spur Hallux valgus (crooked toe) Hammer toe (hallux malleus) Claw toe Metatarsalgia (metatarsal pain) Back pain Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99) Morton’s neuralgia (synonyms: Morton’s metatarsalgia, Morton’s syndrome, … Splayfoot (Pes Transversoplanus): Complications
General measures If symptoms are acute, the foot should be immobilized. Choose suitable footwear: The shoe must not be too tight in the front. There must be enough space for the mobility of the toes. The length of the shoe must be checked. Sufficient cushioning? Heel height? The higher the heels, the greater the load … Splayfoot (Pes Transversoplanus): Therapy