Hyperlipoproteinemias refer to diseases in which blood lipids are elevated in fasting blood tests. Blood lipids are always bound to so-called lipoproteins compounds of proteins and fats, because they are not soluble in the blood.
Fasting in this context means that the blood sample was taken at least eight hours after the last meal.
Hyperlipoproteinemias include:
Hypercholesterolemia pure LDL elevation.
hyperlipoproteinemia isolated HDL decrease
Hyperlipoproteinemia Hypertriglyceridemia
Hyperlipoproteinemia Lipoprotein (a)
Lipoproteins are responsible for the uptake of fats from the diet and transport between tissues and the liver and are subdivided as follows.
| Lipoprotein major classes | Task | Components |
| Chylomicrons | Transport of triglycerides from intestine to muscle | Triglycerides ↑cholesterol ↓ |
| VLDL | Transport of triglycerides and cholesterol from the liver to other tissues | Triglycerides ↑cholesterol ↓ |
| IDL | Degradation product of VLDL, further conversion to LDL. | Triglycerides ↑cholesterol ↓ |
| LDL | Transport of cholesterol formed in the body to tissues | Triglycerides ↓cholesterol ↑ |
| HDL | Transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver with the goal of excretion of cholesterol | Triglycerides ↓cholesterol ↑ |
| Lp(a) | Consists of, among other things, an LDL component; has an influence on several systems such as blood clotting | Triglycerides ↓cholesterol ↑ |
VLDL: very low density lipoproteinsIDL: intermediate density lipoproteinsLDL: low density lipoproteins is popularly called “bad cholesterol “HDL: high density lipoproteins is popularly called “good cholesterol “Lp(a): lipoprotein (a)