Mode of action
Procaine, like all classic local anesthetics, acts on the nerve at the place of its administration.In the nerve cells exactly those “channels” are blocked for some time, which are responsible for the transmission of the pain signal – the sodium channels. Normally, the mineral “sodium” would flow in through these channels during a pain event (depolarization), the other cells on the way to the brain would also be stimulated to depolarize and finally, this depolarization would arrive in the cells in the brain and be perceived as “pain” when connected accordingly. But now the sodium channels are blocked: The brain no longer receives a signal for the duration of the effect and the affected area is perceived as numb.
When should procaine not be used?
Procaine should not be used in cases of known hypersensitivity to one of the ingredients of the drug, as well as in cases of blood pigment synthesis disorder (hepatic porphyria) or known pseudocholinesterase deficiency. During pregnancy the drug should not be taken if possible. The ear drops should not be used if there is skin damage in the ear canal or a damaged eardrum. Arterial and spinal cord administration should also be avoided.
Side effects
Side effects occur mainly when used as an injection and in relation to the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system, but are rare: Procaine has a heart strength and heartbeat stimulating effect, which, however, does not lead to problems with the blood pressure when dosed correctly. ECG changes are also possible. In case of a sudden drop in blood pressure, an overdose must be considered.
Side effects in the area of the central nervous system are a sensation around the mouth, a loss of consciousness or a seizure. In rare cases procaine may cause an allergic reaction. Therefore, procaine must not be used if the patient is known to have hypersensitivity reactions to other drugs.
In case of an allergic reaction hives, swelling of tissues due to water retention, cramping of the airways or shortness of breath may occur. Skin redness, itching and blistering as well as swelling and bruising have also been reported. When used correctly, the product is well tolerated. But even as an injection the treatment is almost always without complications.
