Infection The transmission path of Helicobacter pylori is not conclusively clarified. The possibility of oral-oral and faecal-oral transmission by excretion of the bacterium in stool and reabsorption by other persons, e.g. from water, is being discussed. Contaminated food also provides a source of absorption. The germ initially colonizes its main reservoir in humans, the lower … Infection | Helicobacter pylori
Granulosa cells are epithelial cells localized in the ovarian follicle and consequently form a unit with the female oocyte. Depending on the stage of maturation of the follicle and the exact localization of the cell, they perform different functions, including the formation of estrogen precursors. The best-known disease of granulosa cell tissue is granulosa cell … Granulosa Cell: Structure, Function & Diseases
Virulence factors Furthermore, Helicobacter pylori produces urease, an enzyme that breaks down urea into ammonia and CO2. This raises the pH in the bacterium’s surrounding medium, i.e. it is converted into a less acidic environment. The neutral environment is called the ammonia mantle. Helicobacter pylori also produces virulence factors such as the vacuolating VacA and … Virulence factors | Helicobacter pylori
Definition A perforation of the stomach is called a gastric perforation in medical jargon. It causes a sudden tearing of the stomach wall and a hole is created. Through this hole, the stomach contents enter the free abdominal cavity. The caustic stomach acid irritates the peritoneum and peritonitis develops rapidly. The most common cause of … Perforation of the stomach
Diagnosis A perforation of the stomach is usually a very acute event, usually accompanied by severe pain. This quickly leads most of those affected to the treating doctor or to an emergency room. In this case, the patient’s medical history (doctor-patient consultation) is important for finding a diagnosis. The doctor will ask how long the … Diagnosis | Perforation of the stomach
Treatment The treatment of a perforation of the stomach is in most cases done by immediate surgery. Either the hole in the stomach is sutured over or part of the stomach must be removed if the hole is too large to be sutured over. Can a perforation of the stomach be fatal? As mentioned above, … Treatment | Perforation of the stomach
Causes The cause of esophageal varicose vein bleeding is the rupture, i.e. tearing, of existing varicose veins in the esophagus. The vessels from which the varicose veins develop are naturally present, but under certain circumstances they develop into these widened and tortuous vessels. These varicose veins develop because the blood seeks alternative circulation back to … Esophageal varices bleeding
Prognosis In the case of a previous bleeding, the risk of having another bleed from existing esophageal varicose veins is 30%. The risk of dying from such a bleeding is 25 – 30%. This can be explained by the state of shock caused by the massive bleeding. Prophylaxis Bleeding from varicose veins cannot be prevented … Prognosis | Esophageal varices bleeding
The term trunk is often used synonymously with the terms trunk or trunk of the body. It refers to the central part of the human body excluding the extremities, neck and head. What is the trunk? “Trunk” is a technical term used in the field of anatomy. It refers to the central section of the … Trunk: Structure, Function & Diseases
The sudden onset of gastrointestinal illness is reflected in various abnormalities, which can be used for diagnostic purposes. Acute abdomen is usually an indication that prompt medical action is needed. What is an acute abdomen? Acute abdomen is about painful discomfort, which occurs primarily in the zone of the abdomen. The term acute abdomen is … Acute Abdomen: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Pyometra is a very rare concomitant of various abdominal diseases in women. If it is detected in time, it usually does not cause any further health problems. However, it is unfavorable that in the case of older female patients it is often not diagnosed and treated in time – with often fatal consequences. What is … Pyometra: Causes, Treatment & Help
Guidelines If an acute abdomen is suspected, a systematic and rapid procedure is necessary. This means that an acute abdomen requires “acute action”, since a decision must be made quickly whether surgery is necessary. The first step is always the patient interview (anamnesis), which can provide important information about the cause of the symptoms. This … Guidelines | Acute abdomen
