Products Hand disinfectant gels are available, for example, in pharmacies and drugstores. Structure and properties Hand disinfectant gels are gelled liquids (gels) for external application on the hands, which contain one or more disinfectants. Typical ingredients are: Disinfectants such as ethanol, propanol and isopropanol (propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol). Purified water Gel formers such as celluloses and carbomers. … Hand Disinfectant Gels
Products Preservatives can be found in liquid, semi-solid and solid pharmaceuticals. They are also used for food and cosmetics. Structure and properties Preservatives belong to various chemical groups. These include, for example: Acids and their salts Benzoic acid derivatives, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Quaternary ammonium compounds Alcohols Phenols Preservatives can be of natural and synthetic origin. … Preservative
Products Sleeping pills are most commonly taken in the form of tablets (“sleeping pills“). In addition, melting tablets, injectables, drops, teas and tinctures are also available, among others. The technical term hypnotics is derived from Hypnos, the Greek god of sleep. Structure and properties Within the sleeping pills, groups can be identified which have a … Sleeping Pills: Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Symptoms Bad breath manifests itself in foul-smelling breath. The bad odor is also a psychosocial problem and can lower self-esteem, lead to feelings of shame, and make it difficult to communicate with others. Causes True, chronic bad breath originates from the oral cavity and mainly from the coating on the tongue in over 80 to … Bad Breath
Definition Amines are organic molecules containing nitrogen (N) atoms bonded to carbon or hydrogen atoms. They are formally derived from ammonia, in which hydrogen atoms have been replaced by carbon atoms. Primary amines: 1 carbon atom Secondary amines: 2 carbon atoms Tertiary amines: 3 carbon atoms The functional group is called the amino group, for … Amines
Products Acetic anhydride is available in specialized stores. Structure and properties Acetic anhydride (C4H6O3, Mr = 102.09 g/mol) is the condensation product of two acetic acid molecules. It exists as a colorless liquid with a pungent odor of acetic acid. This is a result of hydrolysis with water: C4H6O3 (acetic anhydride) + H2O (water) 2 … Acetic Anhydride
Definition Esters are organic compounds formed by the reaction of an alcohol or phenol and an acid such as a carboxylic acid. The condensation reaction releases a water molecule. The general formula of esters is: esters can also be formed with thiols (thioesters), with other organic acids, and with inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid … Ester
Products Carbohydrates (“sugars”) are found in many natural and processed foods, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and dietary supplements. For example, foods containing carbohydrates include pasta, cereals, flour, dough, bread, legumes, potatoes, corn, honey, sweets, fruits, sweet beverages, and dairy products. Structure Carbohydrates are natural products and biomolecules that are usually composed of only carbon (C), hydrogen … Carbohydrates: Role in Diet
Products Activated carbon is commercially available in the form of tablets, capsules, as a suspension, and pure powder, among others (e.g., Carbolevure, Norit, Carbovit, Hänseler Carbo activatus). Structure and properties Medicinal charcoal is composed of carbon and exists as a light, odorless, tasteless, jet-black powder that is free of granular particles. It is insoluble in … Activated Carbon
Products Pure lanolin is available in pharmacies and drugstores as open goods. Numerous personal care products, cosmetics and semi-solid medicines contain lanolin. The best known product containing lanolin is probably Bepanthen ointment. Structure and properties The European Pharmacopoeia defines lanolin as a purified, waxy, anhydrous substance obtained from the wool of sheep. Lanolin is water … Wool Wax
Products The pure substance is available in pharmacies and drugstores. Structure and properties Lanolin alcohols are a mixture of sterols (sterols) and higher aliphatic alcohols derived from lanolin. The pharmacopoeia prescribes a minimum content of 30.0% cholesterol. The wool wax alcohols are present as a pale yellow to brownish yellow, brittle mass that becomes kneadable … Wool Wax Alcohols
Products Beeswax is available as a pure substance in pharmacies and drugstores, among other places. Structure and properties The European Pharmacopoeia defines two types of beeswax. Yellow wax (Cera flava) is the wax obtained by melting out the honeybee’s emptied combs with hot water and purified of foreign components. Bleached wax (Cera alba) is obtained … Beeswax
