Hydrochlorides are salts consisting of organic bases that react with hydrochloric acid. Thus, hydrochlorides also belong to the amines of primary, secondary and tertiary nature. A typical feature of hydrochlorides is that they undergo a neutralization reaction with hydrochloric acid. Due to their chemical properties, hydrochlorides form a popular additive in numerous drugs. What are … Hydrochlorides: Effects, Uses & Risks
Definition Carboxylic acids are organic acids with the general structure R-COOH (less commonly: R-CO2H). It is composed of a residue, a carbonyl group, and a hydroxyl group. The functional group is called the carboxy group (carboxyl group). Molecules with two or three carboxy groups are called dicarboxylic acids or tricarboxylic acids. An example of a … Carboxylic Acids
Definition Amides are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group (C=O) whose carbon atom is bonded to a nitrogen atom. They have the following general structure: R1, R2 and R3 can be aliphatic and aromatic radicals or hydrogen atoms. Amides can be synthesized with a carboxylic acid (or a carboxylic acid halide) and an amine using … Amide
Definition Amines are organic molecules containing nitrogen (N) atoms bonded to carbon or hydrogen atoms. They are formally derived from ammonia, in which hydrogen atoms have been replaced by carbon atoms. Primary amines: 1 carbon atom Secondary amines: 2 carbon atoms Tertiary amines: 3 carbon atoms The functional group is called the amino group, for … Amines
Biogenic amines can also occur as decomposition products in bacterially spoiled foods. This is of particular concern in fish and fish products. These contain easily degradable proteins with high levels of the amino acid histidine. Histamine levels >1000 mg/kg are sometimes detected in spoiled tuna and mackerel in particular. Poisoning symptoms can be expected from … Biogenic Amines: Indicators and Risks
Are you also one of those people who suffer from diarrhea, flatulence, headaches or even shortness of breath after drinking wine, cheese or fish? Triggers of these complaints can be so-called biogenic amines. Biogenic amines are metabolic products that occur naturally in human, plant and animal cells. The most important representative of biogenic amines is … Biogenic Amines: Occurrence and Effect
Products Bases are available as pure substances in pharmacies and drugstores. They are included in numerous medicines as active ingredients and excipients. Definition Bases (B) are proton acceptors. They accept a proton from an acid (HA), a proton donor, in the acid-base reaction. Thus, they lead to deprotonation: HA + B ⇄ HB + + … Bases
Products Ammonia solutions are available from specialty stores (e.g., pharmacies, drugstores, hardware stores) in various concentrations. They are also known as sal ammonia or sal ammonia spirit. Structure and properties Ammonia (NH3) is a colorless gas with a typical pungent and unpleasant odor, which is formed from nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) can be obtained. … Ammonia
Definition Alkanes are organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They belong to the hydrocarbons and contain only C-C and C-H bonds. Alkanes are not aromatic and saturated. They are referred to as aliphatic compounds. The general formula of acyclic alkanes is C n H 2n+2 . The simplest alkanes are the linear … Alkanes
Definition Ethers are organic molecules with the general structure R1-O-R2, where R1 and R2 are identical for symmetrical ethers. The radicals can be aliphatic or aromatic. Cyclic ethers exist, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF). Ethers can be prepared using, for example, Williamson’s synthesis: R1-X + R2-O–Na+ R1-O-R2 + NaX X stands for halogens Nomenclature Trivial names … Ether
The starting material for thousands of different amines is ammonia (NH3), in which the hydrogen atoms are successively replaced by alkyl groups or by aryl groups with at least one aromatic six-membered ring backbone. Biogenic amines are formed by decarboxylation of amino acids. They are directly metabolically active or part of a complex enzyme or … Amines: Function & Diseases
Glutamic acid, its salts (glutamates), and glutamine, an amino acid related to glutamic acid, have long been the subject of many media reports. Glutamic acid is a component of all proteins, and its salts, which serve as additives in many foods, have the task of improving the taste there. What is glutamic acid? Glutamic acid, … Glutamic Acid: Function & Diseases
