Products Entacapone was commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Comtan). It was approved in many countries since 1999. In 2017, distribution was discontinued. A fixed combination with levodopa and carbidopa has also been available since 2004 (Stalevo). Generic versions of the combination drug were approved in 2014. Structure and properties Entacapone (C14H15N3O5, Mr … Entacapon
Effects The majority of antiparkinsonian drugs are directly or indirectly dopaminergic. Some are anticholinergic in action. Indications Parkinson’s disease, including drug-induced Parkinson’s disease in some cases. Drug treatment Overview of drug therapy: 1. dopaminergic agents Levodopa is a precursor of dopamine and is considered the most important and effective pharmacotherapy for PD. Combining it with … Antiparkinsonian
Effects Indirect dopaminergic Indications Parkinson’s disease Depression (USA) Active ingredients Rasagiline (Azilect) Selegiline (off label) Safinamide (Xadago)
Monoaminooxidase inhibitors are drugs that inhibit the breakdown of dopamine and other endogenous neurotransmitters in the brain. They are used to treat depression and Parkinson’s disease. Synonyms MAOI, MAOH. Antidepressants See moclobemide and selegiline (USA). Antiparkinsonian drugs See monoamine oxidase B inhibitors.
Products Rasagiline is commercially available in tablet form (Azilect). It has been approved in many countries since 2005. Generic versions were first released in 2015. Structure and properties Rasagiline (C12H13N, Mr = 171.24 g/mol) is an aminoindan derivative and has an asymmetric carbon atom. Therapeutic uses are found for the -enantiomer. It is present in … Rasagiline
Products Parasympatholytics are commercially available, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, solutions, as inhalation preparations, injection solutions, and eye drops. This article refers to antagonists at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Antagonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, such as ganglion blockers, are discussed separately. Structure and properties Many parasympatholytics are structurally derived from atropine, a natural … Parasympatholytics
Symptoms and causes 1. sunstroke results from excessive sun exposure to the head, causing heat buildup and irritation of the meninges (aseptic meningitis): Headache Neck stiffness Nausea, vomiting Feeling of heat in the head Dizziness, restlessness 2. In heat exhaustion, there is an overheating of the body with a body temperature between 37 to 40°C. … Sunstroke, Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke
Products Levodopa is marketed exclusively as combination products together with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa or benserazide) or a COMT inhibitor (entacapone). It has been approved in many countries since 1973 and is commercially available in tablet, capsule, suspendable tablet, and sustained-release tablet forms, among others. Structure and properties Levodopa (C9H11NO4, Mr = 197.2 g/mol) … Levodopa: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
