Bleeding at the shunt Incorrect puncture of the dialysis shunt can lead to bleeding. However, these bleedings are usually small and have no further consequences for the patient. As a result, a haematoma can develop. If the bleeding is greater than expected, surgery may be necessary in rare cases to ensure the shunt functions properly … Bleeding at the shunt | Dialysis shunt
Definition: What is an AV fistula? The term “AV fistula” is an abbreviation for the term arteriovenous fistula. It refers to a direct short circuit connection between an artery and a vein. Normal blood flow takes place from the heart through the arteries to the smallest blood vessels at the individual organs and from there … AV fistula
Symptoms of AV fistula Since an AV fistula can basically occur in any part of the body, there are also a variety of possible symptoms that can indicate it. In general, the AV fistula can cause pain or a feeling of pressure. Specific symptoms can be seen in the brain, for example, in the case … Symptoms of AV fistula | AV fistula
How AV fistulas are diagnosed For the diagnosis of an AV fistula, an imaging examination of the blood vessels must be performed. There are various methods for these so-called angiographies, such as DSA (digital subtractive angiography), in which X-rays are used to visualise the vessels. An alternative is MR angiography (magnetic resonance), which does not … How AV fistulas are diagnosed | AV fistula
Pulmonary embolism In acute pulmonary embolism, a vessel in the lung is displaced by a blood clot. A lack of oxygen in the blood of the patient can be detected here. Since the patient no longer has sufficient oxygen, he breathes more frequently. However, this hyperventilation usually causes a drop in the carbon dioxide concentration, … Pulmonary embolism | Blood gas analysis
General In a blood gas analysis (short: BGA) the concentrations of certain gases in the blood are measured. These gases, which include oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), have a certain partial pressure (pO2 and pCO2) in the blood, which should normally be stable and thus maintain the vitality of the organism. In addition, other … Blood gas analysis
Standard values blood gas analysis Oxygen: The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood can vary slightly depending on age. It should always be between 80 mmHg and 100 mmHg. In patients over 75 years of age, it can also be below 80 mmHg. Deviations below the lower reference value are also possible in the … Standard values blood gas analysis | Blood gas analysis
Definition The term aortic dissection (Syn. Aneurysma dissecans aortae) describes a splitting (dissection) of the wall layers of the aorta. As a rule, the innermost wall layer (tunica intima) is suddenly torn open, resulting in bleeding between the wall layers (the aorta, like any artery, is made up of the three wall layers tunica intima, … Aortic dissection
Causes of aortic dissection The most important risk factor for aortic dissection is arteriosclerosis, a calcification of the inner vascular layer of the arteries (promoted by increasing age, smoking, diabetes, high blood lipid levels, etc.). A weakness of the tunica media (so-called media degeneration) is also predisposing for a dissection. Here, a dilatation usually occurs … Causes of aortic dissection | Aortic dissection
Symptoms of aortic dissection The so-called leading symptom, which is described by more than 9 out of 10 patients with an acute dissection, is an acute, very severe pain in the chest or abdominal area or in the back. The pain is described by those affected as very intense and stabbing or tearing, sometimes patients … Symptoms of aortic dissection | Aortic dissection
Operation In case of an acute type A dissection, immediate emergency surgery must be performed to prevent a fatal rupture. The patient must be transported to a specialized center for this purpose, as it is a major procedure. The standard procedure during surgery is to replace the ascending aorta with a gore-tex vascular prosthesis. If … Operation | Aortic dissection
Life expectancy in aortic dissection Life expectancy in aortic dissection depends largely on whether type A or B is present, with type B generally having a better prognosis. In addition, life expectancy naturally depends on the patient’s previous illnesses and clinical condition at the time of the acute event. In addition, a ruptured dissection (type … Life expectancy in aortic dissection | Aortic dissection
