The active ingredient oxybutynin belongs to the anticholinergics. It has a structural relationship to the alkaloid atropine. What is oxybutynin? Oxybutynin is used to treat strong urination or nocturnal enuresis. Oxybutynin is classified in the group of anticholinergics or parasympatholytics. The drug is used for the treatment of strong urge to urinate or nocturnal enuresis. … Oxybutynin: Effects, Uses & Risks
The sphincter pupillae muscle is one of the internal eye muscles and is responsible for constricting the pupil. This so-called miosis takes place reflexively when light enters the eye and is also part of the near vision tria. The sphincter pupillae muscle can be artificially stimulated to contract using substances such as miotics. What is … Musculus Sphincter Pupillae: Structure, Function & Diseases
So-called hypersalivation is a condition, usually temporary, in which an excessive amount of saliva is produced. The causes are varied and can range from severe neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease to poor diet. In most cases, however, hypersalivation is readily treatable. What is hypersalivation? The medical term hypersalivation refers to excessive production of saliva. … Hypersalivation: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Acute cholinergic syndrome is characterized by increased stimulation of the vagus nerve. The cause of this stimulation is an increased concentration of acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system. Treatment of acute cholinergic syndrome is by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with atropine. What is acute cholinergic syndrome? Acute cholinergic syndrome is characterized … Acute Cholinergic Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
The ladies of the Baroque period used atropine to become more attractive to men. They dripped it into their eyes, which caused their pupils to dilate. Dark eyes were considered desirable at that time. From this can be derived the Latin name of the plant from which atropine is obtained: Atropa belladonna, deadly nightshade. Atropa … What is Atropine Used For?
Miosis is the bilateral constriction of the pupils in response to light stimulus or as part of near fixation. When miosis is present without a light stimulus and independent of near fixation, this phenomenon has disease value. Intoxications are as likely a cause as meningitis or lesions of the pons. What is miosis? Miosis is … Miosis: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Undesirable effect Anticholinergics very often lead to dry mouth, because the saliva production is inhibited. In addition, the most common undesirable side effects include constipation, fatigue, impaired vision and urinary retention. Even in small doses, the effects of anticholinergics on the cardiovascular system play a role, for example, there may be tachycardia. Anticholinergic syndrome If … Undesirable effect | Anticholinergics
Definition An anticholinergic is an active substance that acts on the parasympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system. It involuntarily, i.e. not subject to will, controls most of the internal organs and the blood circulation. It has a braking and damping control function in the metabolism, thus ensuring … Anticholinergics
Introduction Medications and drugs can affect the pupil in many different ways. The two most important regulators of pupil width are the so-called sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These two are opponents in the body and regulate almost all bodily functions. Thus, the sympathetic nervous system is activating and makes us ready to flee or … Which medications or drugs affect the pupil?
Which drugs slow down the pupil reflex? When smoking weed, cannabis is inhaled, i.e. forms of cannabis such as grass, weed or marijuana are burned, so that the vapors can then be inhaled. This initially leads to a relaxing effect as well as euphoria and possibly hallucinogenic effects. This is followed by an increased appetite … Which drugs slow down the pupil reflex? | Which medications or drugs affect the pupil?