The term hypoplastic left heart syndrome is used to describe a severely underdeveloped left heart and several other associated severe heart defects in newborns, most commonly involving the mitral and aortic valves. Survival after birth in these children is initially dependent on maintaining the prenatal short circuit between the pulmonary and systemic circulation via the … Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Phlebitis is a disease of the blood vessel system. From the name thrombophlebitis ending in -itis, it is clear that it involves inflammatory processes that can affect different age groups. What is phlebitis? Venous inflammation or thrombophlebitis is understood as an inflammation of the blood vessels, primarily the veins. The pathological processes in phlebitis do … Phlebitis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Vancomycin is the name given to a glycopeptide antibiotic. It is used when other antibiotics are no longer effective due to bacterial resistance. What is vancomycin? Vancomycin is the name given to a glycopeptide antibiotic. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat Gram-positive bacteria. It has the status of a reserve antibiotic and is … Vancomycin: Effects, Uses & Risks
The four heart valves perform one of the most important functions in the human circulatory system: they act as valves in the heart, determining the direction of blood flow and ensuring an even inflow and outflow of blood between the atrium and ventricle and the adjacent blood vessels. What are the heart valves? The heart … Heart Valve: Structure, Function & Diseases
Lincomycin is an antibiotic approved in Germany only for use in veterinary medicine. It is primarily effective against Gram-positive bacteria. In the United States and Canada, it is also approved for the treatment of humans. What is lincomycin? Lincomycin (chemical molecular formula: C18H34N2O6S) is a drug belonging to the class of antibiotics. In Germany, lincomycin … Lincomycin: Effects, Uses & Risks
Linezolid is an antibiotic from the oxazolidinone class of drugs. The drug is used as a reserve antibiotic. What is linezolid? Currently, linezolid is the only MRSA-active antibiotic available for both oral and intravenous use. The drug linezolid belongs to the fairly new group of oxazolidinones. Oxazolidinones have saturated heterocyclic compounds. They inhibit protein biosynthesis … Linezolid: Effects, Uses & Risks
Empyema is a purulent accumulation of fluid in a natural cavity of the body. The lungs are particularly commonly affected. In most cases, empyema can be treated well; however, especially in the lungs, the condition may be life-threatening. What is empyema? The term empyema is used by physicians to describe a collection of purulent fluid … Empyema: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Dysphonia or voice disorder is predominantly manifested in the fact that temporarily the so-called phonation or articulation ability of the voice can be impaired people of all ages. What are voice disorders? Schematic diagram showing the anatomy of the vocal cords and their various disorders. Click to enlarge. In the context of a definition, voice … Voice Disorders: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Tobramycin is a well-known antibiotic that is particularly effective and is used for the therapy of infectious diseases. However, because of its aggressiveness, tobramycin is never the first-line agent. It is only used when milder agents no longer achieve acceptable results. What is tobramycin? The medical drug tobramycin is one of the antibiotics. It is … Tobramycin: Effects, Uses & Risks
Teicoplanin is a pharmacological agent that belongs to the group of antibiotics. For this reason, the drug is primarily used in the treatment of infections caused by various types of bacteria. Especially against so-called gram-positive germs, the substance teicoplanin shows high efficacy. What is teicoplanin? Teicoplanin is a pharmacological agent that belongs to the group … Teicoplanin: Effects, Uses & Risks
Opsonization is a process of the immune system. In this process, antibodies or proteins of the complement system bind to cells foreign to the body and label them to make them detectable by phagocytes. Lack of opsonization is tantamount to a defense deficiency and often corresponds to a hereditary deficiency of certain complement factors. What … Opsonization: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Nail dystrophy refers to degenerative growth changes on one, several, or all of the fingernails or toenails. Nail dystrophies can have numerous local or systemic causes and are by no means limited to fungal infections. Damage that is temporary manifests as punctate lesions or lesions that are transverse to the nail, whereas longitudinal grooves or … Nail Dystrophy: Causes, Treatment & Help
