Products Promestrien was commercially available in the form of vaginal capsules and as a vaginal cream (Colpotrophine). It was approved in many countries in 1982 and is now no longer available. Structure and properties Promestriene (C22H32O2, Mr = 328.5 g/mol) is an alkyl derivative of the natural estrogen estradiol. Effects Promestriene (ATC G03CA09) has estrogenic … Promestria
Active ingredients Nonsteroidal estrogen antagonists (SERMs). Tamoxifen (Nolvadex, generic). Toremifene (Fareston, off label). Clomiphene (Serophene, out of trade). Steroids: Fulvestrant (Faslodex) Indications Mammary carcinoma (breast cancer) Ovarian stimulation
To perform their function in the body, some cells must move from one place to another. During this cell migration, they make use of cellular structures while being attracted to foreign substances. Misdirected cells contribute to the development and exacerbation of diseases such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, and atherosclerosis. What is cell migration? The term … Cell Migration: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
The cellular memory hypothesis assumes information storage at the molecular genetic and cellular levels. The best-known example of cellular memory is with the antigen memory of the immune system. Meanwhile, the BMI1 protein of cellular memory is associated with carcinogenesis. What is cellular memory? The cellular memory hypothesis assumes information storage at the molecular genetic … Cellular Memory: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
As an independent medical discipline, radiology supports both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes through the pictorial representation of body structures. The spectrum ranges from classic X-rays and sonography to complex cross-sectional imaging procedures such as CT or MRI. With its various examination methods, some of which are also supported by contrast media, radiology offers the possibility … Radiology: Treatment, Effects & Risks
Annual mugwort is a medicinal plant of the genus Artemisia in the composite family. The Latin name of the plant is Artemisia annua and is composed of the name of the Greek goddess of hunting and forest Artemis and the Latin term annus – German “year”-. Occurrence and cultivation of the annual mugwort. Annual mugwort … Annual Mugwort: Applications, Treatments, Health Benefits
The term carcinoma is a medical term: more precisely, it comes from pathology and describes a certain type of malignant tumor. In this respect, it is also beneficial for affected patients to understand the word and to have an overview of the associated problems and treatment approaches. Of course, every tumor is different; a lung … Carcinoma: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Products Trastuzumab is commercially available as a lyophilizate for preparation of an infusion concentrate (Herceptin, biosimilars). It has been approved in many countries since 1999 (US: 1998, EU: 2000). In 2016, an additional solution for subcutaneous injection for breast cancer therapy was released in many countries (Herceptin subcutaneous). It was available earlier in other countries. … Trastuzumab
In the human body, numerous hormones ensure that vital processes take place. Among these are the sex hormones. While women have mainly estrogens and progestins, androgens are the sex hormones of men. The function of hormones can be limited by certain disorders. What are sex hormones? Sex hormones affect various mechanisms in the body. In … Sex Hormones: Function & Diseases
One is tall, the other is shorter. Asians are on average smaller than Europeans and women smaller than men. Also, some people suffer from tall or dwarfism due to a genetic defect. Thus, it can be said that overall body size depends on very different factors such as age, gender, geographical origin and life circumstances. … Body Size: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Osteonectin is a protein that plays a significant role in bone mineralization and in this way is involved in the strengthening of bones and teeth. Numerous scientific studies can be found under its synonymous name SPARC, which additionally indicate a link between the release of SPARC and the prognosis of various cancers. What is osteonectin? … Osteonectin: Function & Diseases
Products Pertuzumab is commercially available as a concentrate for the preparation of an infusion solution (Perjeta). It was approved in many countries in 2012. Structure and properties Pertuzumab is a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody. It was developed as a successor to trastuzumab (Herceptin). Effects Pertuzumab (ATC L01XC13) has cytostatic and antiproliferative properties. The effects … Pertuzumab
