Products Local anesthetics are commercially available as injectables, in the form of creams, ointments, gels, plasters, lozenges, throat sprays, and gargle solutions, among others (selection). The first active ingredient from this group was cocaine, used in the 19th century by Carl Koller and Sigmund Freud; see also Sigmund Freud and cocaine. Local anesthetics are also … Local Anesthetics Effects and Side Effects
Products Bupivacaine is commercially available as a solution for injection. It has been approved in many countries since 1968. Levobupivacaine, an enantiomer of bupivacaine, is also commercially available. Structure and properties Bupivacaine (C18H28N2O, Mr = 288.4 g/mol) is a racemate. Bupivacaine hydrochloride it exists as a white crystalline powder or in the form of colorless … Bupivacaine
Bupivacaine is a pharmacological agent that belongs to the category of anesthetics. The drug bupivacaine represents a local anesthetic and thereby belongs to the so-called amide type. The active ingredient is used, among other things, as a racemate. Bupivacaine is characterized by a comparatively slow onset of action. In addition, the effect of the drug … Bupivacaine: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products Ropivacaine is commercially available as a solution for injection (Naropin, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1997. Structure and properties Ropivacaine (C17H26N2O, Mr = 274.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as ropivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate. It was developed as a pure -enantiomer and belongs to the lipophilic amide-type local anesthetics. Ropivacaine is … Ropivacaine
Products Levobupivacaine is commercially available as an injectable (Chirocaine). It has been approved in many countries since 2002. Structure and properties Levobupivacaine (C18H28N2O, Mr = 288.4 g/mol) is an enantiomer of bupivacaine. It is present in the drug product as levobupivacaine hydrochloride. Effects Levobupivacaine (ATC N01BB10) has local anesthetic properties. Indications For anesthesia during surgical … Levobupivacaine
Racemate refers to a mixture of two chemical substances that differ only in their three-dimensional structure. These behave to each other like image and mirror image and can each have very different pharmacological effects on the human body. What is a racemate? The pain reliever ibuprofen is usually present as a racemate. A racemate (also … Racemate: Effects, Uses & Risks
