Thyroid Hormones: Structure, Function & Diseases

The two thyroid hormones T3 (also triiodothyronine) and L4 (also L-thyroxine or levothyroxine) are produced in the epithelial cells of the thyroid gland. Their control is subject to the regulatory hormone TSH basal (thyroid-stimulating hormone or thyrotropin), which is produced in the pituitary gland. The classic thyroid diseases related to hormones are hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and … Thyroid Hormones: Structure, Function & Diseases

Inflammation of the connective tissue

Introduction Inflammation in the connective tissue can have various causes and thus present itself with different symptoms. In general, inflammation in connective tissue occurs as a response of the tissue to an internal or external stimulus. This can be an injury, an infection or an autoimmune disease. The connective tissue then reacts with the inflammation, … Inflammation of the connective tissue

Lagophthalmos: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Lagophthalmos is the name given to incomplete closure of the eyelid. Sometimes the symptom leads to widening of the palpebral fissure. What is lagophthalmos? Lagophthalmos refers to incomplete closure of the eyelid. The symptomatology falls within the scope of ophthalmology and neurology. In some cases, lagophthalmos may result in widening of the eyelid fissure. The … Lagophthalmos: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Convergence Reaction: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases

The convergence reaction is the reflexive constriction of the pupils during convergence, on the one hand, and the inward movement of both eyes during fixation of near objects, on the other. Impairments of convergence can cause strabismus, among other conditions. What is the convergence response? Convergence is a specific type of opposite eye movement. Without … Convergence Reaction: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases

Graves Disease: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Graves’ disease, also called Graves’ disease, is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland that is usually accompanied by hyperthyroidism. Women are four to five times more likely to be affected by Graves’ disease than men. What is Graves’ disease? Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland associated with hyperthyroidism and inflammation … Graves Disease: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Conjugate Eye Movements: Function, Task & Diseases

In principle, the eyes can be rotated about all three possible axes of rotation in three-dimensional space, within certain limits. Parallel eye movements of both eyes, with identical rotations with respect to the axis of rotation and number of degrees, are called conjugate eye movements. They usually occur unconsciously and arise, for example, as gaze-following … Conjugate Eye Movements: Function, Task & Diseases